Know More About Pediatric Ear, Nose and Throat
                     Know More About 
Pediatric Ear, Nose 
and
Throat
Tonsils and adenoids are on the body’s first line of defense
—our immune Two masses of tissue that are similar to the lymph nodes or 
system. They “sam“gplalen”d bs”a cfoteurniad and viruses that enter the 
body through in the neck, groin, and armpits. TonsilsK arne othew tw oM moasrsees  
the mouth or noseo na tt hthee b raicskk  ooff their own infection. But at 
times, they the throat. Adenoids are high in the thAroabt boehuintd  tTheo nnoses ils 
become more of aa nlida btihliety r othoaf no fan asset and may even 
trigger airway the mouth (soft palate) and are not visaibnle dthrough the 
obstruction or repmeaotuetdh  bwaitchteoruital infections. Your ear, nose, 
and throat Adenoidsspecial instruments.
specialist can suggest the best treatment options.
ear. The inflammation occurs as a 
result of a
middle ear infection. It can occur in one 
or both
ears. Otitis medOiat iitsis t hmee mdioas mt feraenqsu einnflt ammation of 
diagnosis the middle
recorded for children who visit 
physicians for
Although otitis media isi lmlneossst .c Iot mism aolsno  itnh eyo munogst c choilmdrmeno,n i t also 
affects adults cause of
occasionally. It occurs mheoastr icnogm lomsso ninly c ihni ltdhree nw. inter and early 
spring months.
Know More About Ear 
infections
Painful ear infections are a rite of passage for children—by the age of five, nearly every child has 
experienced at least one
episode. Most ear infections either resolve on their own (viral) or are effectively treated by 
antibiotics (bacterial). But
These tubesso cmane tbime emsa, deea ro iuntf eocf tpiolansst ica,n md/eotra fll,u oidr  Tine fltohne  amnidd dle ear may become a chronic problem leading 
may have ato other issues such as
coating intehnedaeridn gto l oresds,u bcee hthaev ipoor,s asinbdil itsyp eoef cinhf epcrtoiobnle. mThse. rIen  these cases, insertion of an ear tube by an 
are two basoitcolaryngEoalor gtuisbte (se aarr,e  ntoinsye ,cylinders placed through the ear drum 
types of eaar ntudb tehsr:o sa(htt oysrmpt-eptceairnamilci satn) dm laoyn gb-e t ecromn.s iSdheorretd- .term 
tubes are smaller membrane) to allow air into theK minddole ewar.  TMheyo alrsoe m aAy bbe out Ear 
and typically stay in cpalalleced for six months to a year before 
falling out on their tympanostomy tubes, myringotomy tubes, ventilation tubes, 
own. Long-term tubeosr  aPrEe  (lparregsesru arned have flanges th
Tatu sebcuere s
them in place equalization) tubes.
for a longer period of time. Long-term tubes may fall out on 
their own, but
removal by an otolaryngologist is often necessary.
Hearing loss in children can be temporary or permanent. It is important to have hearing loss 
If it is deetvearlmuainteedd  bthya at  ypohuyrs icchiailnd ’ws hhoearing loss is permanent, hearing aids 
You will need to dmeacyid bee wcahne trhueler  ooru nt omt eydoiucar ld peraofb clehmilds  wthilal tc ommamy buen iccaatues ing the hearing loss, such as otitis media (ear 
primarily with recomminefnedcetido nto),  aemxcpelisfsyi vthee e saorwunadx reaching your child’s ear. Ear surgery 
oral speech and/mora syig bne l caaonbnglgeue tanogitea, l amndal fsoeremka etaiornlys ,i notre arv geenntieotnic t oh eparreinvegn lto ss.
language delays.restore or significantly improve hearing in some instances. For those with 
Research indicatcees rtthaaint  htyapbeilsit oaftion of hearing loss by age six months 
will prevent profound hearing loss who do not benefiKt snuffiociewntly from hearing aids, a subsequent langucoacghel edaerl aimysp. O  More About lanthter communication strategies such as 
auditory verbal may be considered. Unlike a hearing aid, a cochlear implant bypasses 
therapy, lip readidnagm, aangde dc upeadrt ss peech may also be used
H in ceonajunrcitinong  Lossof the
with a hearing aiaduditory system and directly stimulates the hearing nerve and allows the 
or cochlear implacnhti,l do rt oin hdeeaprendently.
louder and clearer sound.
and there is a wide range of medical and structural 
problems that
can affect your ability to breathe properly. Structural 
problems
caused by deformities of the cartilage or bony 
structures of the nasal
framework are common causes of nasal obstruction. 
These include a
deviated nasal septum, nasal polyps, large adenoids, as 
Nasal obstruction is a symptom rather than a stand-
well as
alone diagnosis,
swollen turbinate tissue, and nasal valve collapse. 
Other causes may
be non-anatomical and due to conditions that cause the 
nasal lining
to swell, including chronic sinusitis or severe nasal 
allergies. Each of
these nasal obstructions can often be corrected using a 
variety of
surgical techniques.
Know More About Nasal 
Obstruction
Sinus FacHiaeRl audnancyh 
pr e Nasal Leossssu roefp saminelnl oosre 
If the nasal polyp is small, patients may noStn teaoxrpi
c
stneegrience an
oyn sgyemsptitoonms and may be 
unaware that they even Symptoms of Nasal 
have a nasal polyp.
Nasal polypsP aorel ybpensign growths that develop within the lining 
of the nasal
passages or sinuses. If large enough, these growths may block 
the passages
and cause breathing dKiffincuoltiews, s inMus oinfrecetio nAs obr oothuert  Nasal 
complications. Nasal Polyps
polyps can affect anyone, but they occur more frequently in 
adults.
Medications may shrink or eliminate nasal polyps, but surgery is 
sometimes
needed to remove them.
Bacterial infections of the adenoids can be treated with various antibiotics. Patients can also help 
The tonsils are two masses of tissue found on either side of the back of the throat. The adenoids 
relieve symptoms by
are located high in the
getting rest and drinking plenty of liquids. Surgical removal is considered when conditions are 
throat behind the nose and roof of the mouth. Together they form part of the ring of glandular 
The majorityr eosf iasdtaennto tiod emcteodmiciaels t htaisr
e
se
ra
u p
py
ee arfto trhmee bda icnk  cohfi ltdhreen, frequently in combination with 
or frequently recur.
tonsillectomies. In such cases, throat. The tonsils and adenoids assist the body in defense against infection by "sampling" 
An adenoidectomy is the surgical removal of the adenoids, glands located behind the nose above 
the procedure is called an adenoteonntseirlliencgt obmacyt.e Trihae a andde vnioruidsse susually shrink by adolescence, so 
the roof of the mouth. The
adults rarely undergo the and becoming infected themselves. They then help form antibodies to resist and fight future 
function of the adenoids is to help fight ear, nose and throat infections by screening bacteria as 
procedure. infections. However, the
they enter the body. At
tonsils and adenoids often become susceptible to recurrent bacterial infections and can even 
times, however, the adenoids themselves may becKomne ochrwonic aMlly infected and require removal; trigger airway obstruction.this condition is known as ore About Adenoid 
adenoiditis. Hypertrophy
Bacterial infections of the adenoids can be treated with various antibiotics. Patients can also help 
The tonsils are two masses of tissue found on either side of the back of the throat. The adenoids 
relieve symptoms by
are located high in the
getting rest and drinking plenty of liquids. Surgical removal is considered when conditions are 
throat behind the nose and roof of the mouth. Together they form part of the ring of glandular 
The majorityr eosf iasdtaennto tiod emcteodmiciaels t htaisr
e
se
ra
u p
py
ee arfto trhmee bda icnk  cohfi ltdhreen, frequently in combination with 
or frequently recur.
tonsillectomies. In such cases, throat. The tonsils and adenoids assist the body in defense against infection by "sampling" 
An adenoidectomy is the surgical removal of the adenoids, glands located behind the nose above 
the procedure is called an adenoteonntseirlliencgt obmacyt.e Trihae a andde vnioruidsse susually shrink by adolescence, so 
the roof of the mouth. The
adults rarely undergo the and becoming infected themselves. They then help form antibodies to resist and fight future 
function of the adenoids is to help fight ear, nose and throat infections by screening bacteria as 
procedure. infections. However, the
they enter the body. At
tonsils and adenoids often become susceptible to recurrent bacterial infections and can even 
times, however, the adenoids themselves may becKomne ochrwonic aMlly infected and require removal; trigger airway obstruction.this condition is known as ore About Adenoid 
adenoiditis. Hypertrophy
Know More About Speech 
Speech has to do with the sounds that come out of our mouths. It includes articulation, the 
way sounds and words Delay
are formed. It can be frustrating when speech is not understood by others, as in stuttering or 
mispronunciation.
Language is much broader. It refers to the entire process of expressing and receiving 
For anothinefro crhmiladt,i oitn m ina ya  bmee daKinffininocgwufliutn Altgos  w uah npadate riressn tnato,n rydmo tuah lke, niaron swdp  ewyeohcuahrt , c ibsh uinltdo t.t h,Y eionyu  y tlroiysut treo nc h utisoled h ’wsim ospr/hdeese rc tha alkn adn lda nhgouwa ghee /dsehvee cloopmmmeunnt icates. 
and phrawseasy t. oIt e ixs purnedsesrstandminagy a hneYdlop bu ye aoinlusg od u elnitsdeteermnrs ittnooeo odt htherrough communication – verbal, nonverbal 
ideas. and written. It can alwsohethecrh oilrd rneont  otof  tbhee c soanmceer nagede .and compare your child’s development to theirs.
Another cbhei lda  mmeaay ssupreea okf  vinetreyl lwigeelnl cbeu.t  Lmaanyg uhaagvee  ddeiffilacyus ltayr efo mlloowrein sge rdioiruesc ttihoanns. speech problems.
Although problems in speech and language differ, they also overlap in many ways.
A child who has a language problem may be fine with the pronunciation of words but may not 
be able to put more
than two words together.
Tips to prevent a 
The nose is an area of the body that contains many tiny 
nosebleed
Keep the lining of bthloeo ndo vsees mseolsis ot rby gently applying a light 
Usceo aat sinagli noef nasal sparrateyr itool ems otihsatet nc adnry b nreaaska le asily. In the United States, one of 
mepmetbroralenuems. jelly or eavne aryn tsiebvioetnic ointment with a cotton swab 
Quthitr seme otikminegs. Smokpinego pdlreie ws iollu dte tvheel onpo sae n aonsKde bnleeodw som Me tiomer ein  thAeibr liofetuimte . 
irrditaaitleys,  iint.cluding at Nboesdetbimleee.d Cso cmanmonly used products 
include Bacitracin,occur at any age but areN moosts ceombmloen ein dchsildren aged 2-10 
A and D Ointmenty, eEaurcse arinnd, Polysporin, and Vaseline.
Keep children’s finagdeurlntsa ialsg sehdo 5rt0 -t8o0 d yisecaorusr.a Ngoes neobsleee ds are divided into two 
picking. types, depending
Counteract the effoenc tws hoef tdhreyr  athire b byl euesdiningg a  ish ucmomidiinfige rf.rom the front or back of 
the nose.
Thick 
Secretions:
Glands in your nose and throat continually produce mucus (one to two quarts a day). Mucus 
moistens and cleans the nasal
membranes, humidifies air, traps and clears inhaled foreign matter, and fights infection. Although it 
is normally swallowed
unconsciously, the feeling of it accumulating in the throat or dripping from the back of your nose is 
called post-nasal drip.
If thin secretions becTohmise s tehniscakt, iaonnd c atunr nb eg rceaeuns eodr  byeyl leoxwc,e ists iisv elilkye tlyh itchka ste ac rbeatciotenrsi aolr s binyu tsh rinofaetc mtiouns cle and swallowing 
is develIonpcirnega.s Iend thidckis oserdcerersti.ons in the winter often result from dryness in heated buildings and homes. 
childrenT,h tehyic cka sne acrlseotWi orenhssua flrtto  fmrCo amonues seidse  Aofb thneo nromsea cla nS meecarne tthiaot nsosm?ething is stuck in the nose 
such ass ain bues aonr,  nwoasded iendfectio
paper, or piece of toTy.h Iifn th See
ncsr aentdio anllse:rgies, especially to foods such as dairy products.se symptoms are observed, seek a physician for examination.
Increased thin clear secretions can be due to colds and flu, allergies, cold temperatures, bright 
lights, certain foods/spices, Know More About Post 
pregnancy, and other hormonal changes. Various drugs (including birth control pills and high blood 
pressure medications) Nasal Drip
and structural abnormalities can also produce increased secretions. These abnormalities might 
include a deviated or
irregular nasal septum (the cartilage and bony dividing wall that separates the two nostrils).
go away? If so, there’s a good chance you 
actually had
sinusitis. Experts estimate that 37 million 
people are
afflicted with sinusitis each year, making it 
one of the
most common health conditions in America. 
That Have you ever had a cold or allergy attack 
number may be signtihfiacta nwtolyu lhding’hter, since 
the
symptoms of bacterial sinusitis often mimic 
those of
When you have frequent sinusitis,c oorl dths eo irn afellcetriognie lsa,s atsn tdh rmeea nmyo snuthffse roer rms onreev, eitr  could be 
chronic sinusitis. see a
Symptoms of chronic sinusitis mayd obcet olers fso sre pvreorpe etrh adnia tghnoosesi so fa ancdu ttere; ahtomweevnet.r, 
untreated chronic sinusitis can
cause damage to the sinuses and cheekbones that sometimes requires surgery to repair.
Know More About 
Sinusitis
Tracheosto
Laryngomala
my
cia
A tracheostomy is a surgical procedure to create an opening through the neck into the trachea 
(windpipe). A tube is usually
placed through this openiSnogm toet pimroevsi dbea baine sa ihrwavaey  naonids yt ob rreeamthoivneg .s eTchries tcioanns b fero dmu eth teo  lcuonnggse. sTthioisn ,t uobr eit  can be a condition of 
is called a tracheostomy the larynx called
tube or trach tube. laryngomalacia. Laryngomalacia is a congenital softening of the tissues of the larynx, commonly 
Bronchoscopy known as the voice box,
above the vocal cords. Laryngomalacia is the most common cause of raspy, noisy breathing in 
A bronchoscopy is a test performed to view and diagnose problems in the bronchial tubes or related 
infancy. It happens when the
to lung disease. The structure of the larynx is floppy and malformed. This causes the tissues to fall over the airway, 
procedure is performed upsainrgti aal lby rbolnocchkoinsgc oitp ea,n ad device used to see the interior of Kthen luongws. T hMe ore About 
doctor inserts this long creating noise when breathing.
tube through the nose or mouth, into the trachea and then into the patient’s lungsA. A ibrrownchaoysco pay nd 
is usually
recommended when the patient shows signs of lung disease. Breathing
Disorders
congestion, or it can be a condition of the larynxS ocamlleetdimes babies have noisy breathing. This 
laryngomalacia. Laryngomalacia is a congenital csaonft ebnei ndgu eo fto
the tissues of the larynx, commonly known as the voice box,
above the vocal cords.
Laryngomalacia is the most common cause of raspy, noisy
breathing in infancy. It happens when the structure of the
larynx is floppy and malformed. This causes the tissues to fall
over the airway, partially blocking it and creating noise when
breathing.
At Coastal Ear, Nose, and Throat, we often conduct a nasopharyngolaryngoscopy to evaluate 
problems with a
child’s breathing. We use a very tiny camera that resembles a piece of spaghetti for the test. 
The camera is inserted
into the baby’s nostril and down into the lower part of the throat. This allows our doctors to 
see the larynx area. Know More About 
If we think your child has laryngomalacia, we then investigate the extent to see whether the 
lower airway is Laryngomalacia
affected. Other tests such as microlaryngoscopy could be used at that point.
During the procedure, Your physician will be able to 
see the voice A laryngoscopy is a procedure that examines the 
box and vocal cords wliathry cnlxa,r iotyr  vboeiccaeu bsoex t,hey are 
magnified and which contains the vocal cords. This procedure can be 
illuminated. VideoWs ahraep etpr rftooodrmu eceexddp  fdoeurcritn gd tuher ing Klanryonwgo sMcoopry e About 
examination and pcarnocmeadnyu rreeasons, including diagnosing a persistent cough, 
be reviewed immediatheolya 
Laryngoscopy
rasfetenrewsasrds. In most cases, 
the or bad breath, to detect a m&as sN ora tusmoorp onh thaer vyocnal goscopy
laryngoscopy can be pceorrfdosrm, oerd t ooutpatient with very 
little necessary treat conditions of the throat and larynx.
recovery time.
Occasional or frequent breaks in 
The severity of symptoms varies from person to person. But even if your symptoms are 
your voice
initially mild, they may
Breathy voice
worsen over time if you don’t receive the appropriate treatment.
Tension in the larSynyxmptoms:
Sudden interruptiIons As partf  oyfo tu
in h naovremal he nor mpraels abgyipnhgo pnrioac, eysosu,  tmhay speech flow e muscles that sustain 
and suepxppoerience:Reduced highs and lorwts Kin nvocoalw  More About Voice 
range our vocal folds (cords), as well as the structure of the larynx 
Reduced vo(vluomicee box), mDayisorder
Hoarsenessalter and change. These changes, that can affect the way we 
Vocal fatiguuese our voice
and the way it sounds, usually occur after age 60.
Tenderne
ss
Difficulty breathing thSrowuegllhin g
the nose
Crooked appearance of the 
nose
AdditionaSl ysymptomBruising mptoms osf  noafs aNl farascatulr eFsr actures
Nose blehemedmasyo rirnhcalNugdainesga:,l  afrnadc tduerfeosr mofitteyn,  mgoa yu nnnoot toiccecdu rb fyo rb oth 
patients as a combination of the symptoms, including 
Pain long or atp ahlly.sicians and
tenderness,
In cases of facial trauma, nasal fractures are a common type of bone injury. This is largely due to 
the prominence and
central location of the nose on the face and the weakness of the nasal cartilage. A nasal fracture is 
commonly the result of
an injury from a car accident, a fall, a physical altercation, or a sports related injury. Untreated 
nasal fractures can
negatively affect both the appearance and the function of the nose. Functional problems include 
chronic nasal obstruction
or blockage, and a predisposition for sinusitis, infection, and nose bleeds.
Know More About Nasal 
Fracture
Another common neck mass is a cyst, which is filled with fluid. 
The most common benign neck masses are branchial cleft cysts, 
Many cysts in the
thyroglossal duct hceyastds ,and neck are congenital, that is, they have been present 
epidermoid cysts,s dinecrem boiirdt hc.y Dstess, plyitme phangiomas, and hemangiomas. 
These masses their presence in the neck, an actual lump may not appear until 
can cause a cosmmetuicc hd elafotermr iinty, as they bulge out from the neck. In 
addition, manNy enceklicf kme. aInss feasc tin,  scohmilder econn agreen mitaols nt eocftke cny bsetsn idgon .n Ootn gee otf d tihaeg nmoossetd c ommonly diagnosed benign neck 
masses causem syamsuspnettsoi li msa dsa,un el teshnpoleoacdriga.elldy if they get infected. For this 
reason, surgiclaylmph node. Lymph nodes help to fight infection, so they will often swell up during an upper 
removal is genreesrpalilrya troercyo imnfmecetniodne.d U fsour amllyo,st neck masses.
these “swollen glands” are tender during the course of the infection. Most of the time, they will 
shrink down as the infection
resolves. On occasion, enlarged lymph node(s) can become an abscess (collection of pus) which 
requires intravenous
antibiotics and surgery.
Know More About Neck 
Masses
When we say, “tongue tied,” most of us think of a situation when we 
are too excited to
In infants, tongue tie cane pxrperseesnst  owuirtshe tlvroeusb vlee rsbuacllkyi.n Ag ltohro puogohr  nwoeti gah mt edical condition, tongue 
gain. In tie is the name
breastfed infants, it can cfaour sae f atriorluyb cleo mwmitho nla ctcohnidnigti,o onr  tthhaet  mlimotihtse trh e movement of the tongue 
may experience – medically
pain when the baby is nurresfinegrr.e Sdo tmo ea sm aonthkyelrosg gloivses iuap.  nursing 
because of tongue tie Know More About Tongue Tie / 
Before we are born, a strong cord of tissue called the frenulum is 
that is not recognized. In toddlers and older children, tongue tie can 
positioned in the
be a cause of Ankyloglossia
center of the mouth and guides the development of the oral cavity. As 
trouble with speech articulation, especially consonant sounds. Signs 
we grow and
that your child
develop, it thins and recedes to a small thin piece of tissue that 
may have difficulty due to tongue tie include a V-shaped notch at the 
attaches the bottom of
tip of the tongue,
the tongue to the floor of the mouth. In some children, the frenulum is 
inability to stick the tongue out past the gums, or simply difficulty 
especially tight
licking an ice cream
or fails to recede and may cause difficulty with tongue movement. 
cone or lollipop.
Ankyloglossia or
tongue tie can cause eating or speaking difficulties in some children.
Each bone-anchored hearing device consists of an implanted titanium fixture and a detachable 
sound processor that clips
onto that fixture. Using a miniBmoanlley  ainnvcBahosonirveee-da p nhrceohacoerirdneugdr  deh,ee vaai rcbienosgn  emd eaavnyic cbheeos r aaenrd e eh ffimeeapcrtlianivnget  dasbeovlleuic tdeioe nivs i fcoers  used to improve hearing by transmitting 
surgically implanted in the skumllultiple svoaurinedti edsir eocftly to the inner
behind the ear. Surgery is perhfoeramriendg  oleonas ars .nt hS orooumutpgeah pt itaehtnieet  nsbktasus lails.r ,eS m oinuecnaadnp ienangbe lepr agotyfi  ewcnaetusas rceinasng v  rhibeertaaurtriinno gnh soa miinde st  hdeu es kull which are transmitted to the inner 
after the procedure. After to the sizeea ro,f  wthheich results in
healing has occurred and the deaerv iccaen haahl,se c aihnrritnoegng.ir caT tdhereday i innhatagove et,h  boeer  seskneu vslleu, rctehc eehs ebsaofruninlelyg a  ulnoscsehsd.o  Artoe B dimA hHpeKArao rmnvineago yp  awbteie a nM ts' oherarein gA fobr moorue tth an 30 years.device is activated, facilitatingsolution for these
hearing. patients, however a bone anchored hearing devices are nBot oa snolueti-oan nchored 
for every patient.
Whether or not a bone anchored hearing device may be ahn eeffaecrtivien g
solution for you will
depend on your type of hearing loss, quantity of hearing laossi,d ph (ysBicaAl HA)
examination,
and hearing history. This information will be discussed with your 
Coastal provider to
determine if a bone anchored hearing device is right for you.
A cochlear implant is an electronic device that 
restores
partial hearing to the deaf. It is surgically 
implanted in the
inner ear and activated by a device wornK now More 
outside the ear.
Unlike a hearing aid, it does not make soAunbd out 
louder or
clearer. Instead, the device bypasses daCmaogecdh lear
parts of the Implants
auditory system and directly stimulates the 
nerve of
hearing, allowing individuals who are 
profoundly hearing
impaired to receive sound.
An emergency tracheotomy is a quick procedure that involves a cut in the larynx and the 
insertion of a tube to
provide oxygen to the patient. Non-emergency procedures are more thorough, making a cut 
in the neck and
separating the neck muscles before cutting into the trachea. An oxygen tube is then 
inserted to let the patieAn ttracheotAo mtrayc mheaoyt obme yp eisrf aor smuergdi ctaol  bpyrpoacessd uarne  oubssetdru tcot imona kine  tahne  oapirewnainyg,  tion  pthroev widien dlopnipge- (trachea) to 
breathe and help remove the obstruction.
term brearthemingo vseu papno orbt sotrruction
Patients may experiencteo  dpirffiovciudletyo a rb  atreellmoawtph oianriagr r tyao n apdiar swspsae ytah dkriuonurgign whg  itatohn  otthhtheee  lturr napgcrohsc.e eTodhtouismr epy rt othucabet edm uinrige h its  rpeesrtfroicrtm berde attoh rineglie. vTeh eb reathing 
place. Depending on hoinwserted tupbroeb cleamn s and is often
long the tube is neededr,e imt maina yin b ppeel acrclfooesr meadse  ludop nin gw  eiatmsh  ebsrrtgeiteacnthhceiysn  gsoi rts uusauptrpigooincrtsa  ilaslyf nt. eeRree mdceoodvr,ee  racyno dfnr oscemarnv a ab teiv tee matpteomrapryts o hr apveer mfaailneedn. t.
tracheotomy takes a few
weeks and may require speech therapy along with plenty of reKst.n Wohilwe th iMs is ogerneera llAy bout 
considered a safe
procedure, there are risks associated with any surgical procedTurre.a Taclkh toe yoours dtocotomr abyout 
your treatment
In children, allergen exposure and subsequent inflammation in the 
upper
respiratory system cause nasal obstruction. This obstruction 
becomes worse with
the gradual enlargement of the adenoid tissue and the tonsils 
inherent with age.
Consequently, the young patient may have mouth – breathing, 
snoring, and sleep
– disordered breathing such as obstructive sleep apnKean. Soleewp  More About Allergic and 
problems such as
insomnia, bed-wetting, and sleepwalking may accomCpahnyr tohensei c
symptoms along
with behaWviohraal cth aanrgee sA ilnlcelurdginicg  sRhohritn aittteisnt iSony mspRapnth, oirimrintasbi?itlitiys, 
poor schooSlymptoms can vary with the season and tyApllee rogfi ca lrlheringietins  a(hnady i nfecvluedre)  issn aene zeisnpge, criuanllnyy c onmosme,o nna csharl onic 
performanccoen,g aensdti oenx,c easnsdi vitec hdya yetyimese sleepiness. nasal problem in adolescents and young adults. Allergies to
and nose. A year – long exposure usually pirnohdaulacnetss n liaksea lp coollnegne, sdtuiosnt,  (acnhdro annicim satul ffdya nndoesre )b.egin to cause 
sinus and nasal symptoms in early childhood. Infants and
young children are especially susceptible to allergic sensitivity 
to foods and indoor allergens.
Pain
Persistent sore 
thKroant ow More About 
Earache
NoNseableseodspharyngeal
SyHmoaprtseo voiceTummos rosf Nasopharyngeal 
Tumors
A nasopharyngeal tumor is a growth that forms in the 
The synmaspotpohmasry onfx a,  onra tshoepharyngeal tumor 
may iunpclpuedrem:ost portion of the throat that is found behind the 
nasal cavity. The
nasopharynx serves as a passageway for air from the nose 
to the throat and
eventually to the lungs. A tumor in the nasopharynx may be 
either benign or
malignant. Nasopharyngeal tumors that are malignant, or 
cancerous, may
spread to surrounding tissue and other parts of the body.
A tear duct obstruction, also known as dacryostenosis or nasolacrimal duct obstruction, is a 
common condition that
affects more than five percent of all infants and is present at birth. Tears usually drain through 
small openings in the
corners of the eyelids, known as puncta, and enter the nose through the nasolacrimal duct. 
MWanhye nin afann otsb satrreu cbtoiornn with nasolacrimal duct 
oebxstisrutsc,t itoena.r sT hcea ntneoatr properly drain from the eyes and may well up on the surface of the eye 
daranidn aogvee rsflyoswte mon  mthaey not be fully developed or there 
meayye lbaes haens and eyelids. The eyeliKdsn moayw als oM beocormee r eAd banod suwotll eTn weitah rye lDlowu ocr gtre en 
adbinsocrhmaragliety.  in the tear duct. A thin membrane often 
remains over Obstruction
the opening that empties into the nose in congenitally 
blocked tear
ducts. Although more common in infants, nasolacrimal 
duct
obstruction may also occur in adults and may be 
caused by infection,
injury or a tumor.
symptoms caused by Grave’s ophthalmopathy 
may include:
Know More About Tearing And Eye
Surgery
In addition to otGhrearv sey’ms dpitsoemasse,  Gisr aavne a’su tdoisimeamseu nme adyi saolrsdoe cra tuhsaet  caa cuosnedsi ttihoen  tkhnyorwoind  agsla nd to produce an 
Grave’s ophthalemxocepsastihvye  ianmount of thyroid
which the immuhnoer msyosntee mw iathttinac tkhse t bhoed my.u Tshclies so avnedrp orothdeurc ttiiossnu cer eaaroteusn dm tohree  ehyoerms. oTnheiss  than the body needs 
causes an inflamanmda ctiaouns easn dmany
a build-up of tisismuep oarrtoaunnt db othdeil ye yfuen, cwtihoincsh  tion  stuprene,d m uapy.  cTahues teh ythroei de yise baa bllus tttoe rbfluyl-gseh aopuet.d  gland located in 
Additional eye-rtehlea tferodnt of the neck and
controls metabolism, heart and nervous system functions as well as other metabolic 
functions. An overproduction
of the thyroid hormone can lead to hypertension, weight loss, irregular heartbeat and eye 
problems.DoubleD vriys iaonnd irritated 
Light seenyseistivity
PressurEex ocer spsaivine 
Difficultteya mrinovging 
the eyeSswollen eyelids
Birth defects such as 
bone
Diseases such adse formities
Alzheimer's, Brain tumors
Parkinson's and Cmeurtlatiipnl em edications
sclerosis Cocaine abuse
Hormone disturbances
Causes of Anosmia
More-serious causes of totaKl orn paortiwal lo sMs ofo thre esen sAe obf someull t Anosmia 
include the following:
(Lack of
SmokiInngjury to the nose Smell)
Toxic Nchaesaml ipcaolly ps
exposNuuretritional deficiencAiensosmia is a condition in which a person completely loses the 
Radiation therapy fosre nhseea do f smell. Depending on the reason for its loss,
or neck the condition may be temporary or permanent. Common 
cancer causes of temporary anosmia include colds, allergies and
sinus infections, and viral infections such as the flu. Aging is 
also a factor.
encased in a membrane known as the dura. 
Sometimes, a CSF
leak develops from a defect in the dura, allowing 
fluid to leak
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) surrounds the brain and 
from the nose or ear. CSF leaks can be caused by 
head injuriess,pine, and is
various surgeries, or spontaneously from high 
pressure inside
the skull.
the nose or ear, and a headache that is more painful 
when
standing upright than when lying downK. Inf ow More About Cerebral Spinal 
accompanied by Fluid Leaks
nausea, photoseSnysmitipvtitoym asn odf  aa  sCtiSffF n leeackk,  ianncl uindfee cat iwona tery, clear 
may be discharge from
present. If a CSF leak is not repaired, serious and 
potentially fatal
complications, including meningitis or swelling of the 
brain, may
arise.
Most tumors of the sinuses are benign, but may result in 
troubling
symptoms such as nasal obstruction, facial pain, visual 
difficulties, The nasal cavity and surrounding sinuses assist in 
sleep apnea, snorimnga ianntadi ncihnrgo nthice sinus infections. Sinus 
tumors may functionality and structure of the head and neck area.
When small benign tumors are presbeen td,i apganrtoicsuelda rtlhyr oifu tghhe ye nadreo sncootp iinct eerxfaemrininga wtioitnh  tthhreo ugh 
patient's quality of life, they the nose, or
may only necessitate ongoing obsetrhvraotuiognh b imy tahgein pgh tyescichinainq.u Iens a s sumcha lal sn Xum-rabyesr,  oCfT c sacsaens st hoer  
mucosa lining of the MRI scans.
nose and sinuses can be susceptible to abnormal cell development, which can lead to the 
formation of cancerous
tumors. Malignant cancers of the nose and sinuses are, however, quite rare. When they do 
occur, they are most
often composed of squamous cells, and do not often metastasize. Nonetheless, any 
malignant growth in the nose
or sinuses must be removed. Know More About 
Sinonasal and
Skull Base Tumors
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(732)-280- t
7815