How MEMORY WORKS-converted
                     
Memory
Memory refers to the processes that are used to  
acquire, store, retain, and later retrieve information.
Human memory involves the ability to both preserve  
and recover information we have learned or  
experienced. However, this is not a flawless process.  
Sometimes we forget or misremember things.
How Brain Functions ?
There are several factors responsible which are as follows :
• Memory Process :
 Encoding : It is the method to convert knowledge into useful format in order to build new 
thoughts.
 Storage : After the data has been successfully encoded, it should be saved in brain for 
subsequent  use which is called as Storage.
 Retrieval : It allows us to bring stored memories into conscious awareness.
• Type of Memory :
 Sensory Memory : It is the earliest age of memory where information is stored for a 
very brief  period.
 Short Term Memory : Also known as active memory, It contains the information we are 
currently  aware of or thinking about. It keeps information for approximately 20 to 30 
seconds.
 Long Term Memory : It is the process of storing information indefinitely. Some of the 
knowledge is  quite easy to recollect while other are considerably more challenging. It 
appears to have nearly  limitless capacity.
What is Forgetting?
It refers to loss of information from long term memory. There are mainly 4 types of
factors  responsible which are as follows :
• Failure to keep : These are the memories which are not stored properly in the long-
term  memory called as failure to store or keep memories.
• Failure to Retrieve : Retrieval Failure is where the information is in long term memory
but  cannot be accessed.
• Forgotten for a purpose : We may purposefully forget memories at times. This is especially true  
when recalling traumatic or distressing events or experiences.
• Interference : The information which has been restricted or interrupted while attempting
to  store is called interference.
What is Aging or Memory loss ?
Memory loss as people become older is common. It should not prevent someone from leading  
a full and fruitful life. Memory changes are usually controllable and don’t interfere with your  
ability to study, lead a normal life, or build healthy relationships.
Rehersal 
 Buffer
Successfully 
Long Term 
Incoming  Sensory Selective Short Term  Coded For   Memory  
Information    Memory Storage in  (LTM)
Memory Attention LTM
If Not Attended - Forgotton
Process of Storing Information 
 or Creating a Memory
Tips to make Memory Stronger
No m a t t e r  h o w  grea t  your  m e m o r y  is,  t he r e  a re  probably  a  few th ings  you can  do  to  m a k e  i t  even bet ter .
• Jot it down. The  ac t  of wr i t ing  wi th  a  p e n  a n d  pape r  he lps  i mp la n t  t h e  m e m o r y  in to  your  b r a i n—
a n d   can  also serve  as  a  r em i nde r  o r  reference  later.
• Attach meaning to it. You can  r e m e m b e r  s om e t h i n g  m o r e  easily if you a t t ach  m e a n i n g  to  it. For   
ins tance ,  if you associa te  a  pe r son ,  you jus t  m e e t  wi th  s o m e o n e  you already know,  you m a y  be  able t o  
 r e m e m b e r  the i r  n a m e  easier.
• Repeat it. Repet i t ion  he lps  t h e  m e m o r y  become  encoded  beyond  your  s h o r t - t e r m  memory .
• Group it. In fo rma t ion  t h a t  is ca tegor ized  becomes  easier  to  r e m e m b e r  a n d  recall.  For  example ,  
cons ider   t h e  following g roup  of words :  Desk, apple ,  bookshelf ,  red ,  p l um ,  table ,  g reen ,  p ineapple ,  
purple ,  chai r ,   peach,  yellow. Spend  a  few seconds  read ing  t h e m ,  t h e n  look away a n d  t ry  t o  recall  a n d  
list  t he se  words.
• In  addi t ion,  keeping your  bra in  hea l thy  by exercis ing regular ly,  ma in t a in ing  social  connec t ions ,   
m a n a g i n g  s t ress ,  a n d  pe r fo rming  chal lenging activit ies (like doing crossword  puzz les  o r  playing a n   
i n s t r u m e n t )  have  been  proven  to  he lp  boos t  mem ory .
Human memory is a complex process that researchers are still trying to better understand. Our memories  
make us who we are, yet the process is not perfect. While we can remember an astonishing amount of  
information, we are also susceptible to mistakes and errors.
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