What is Pilonidal Sinus , Causes , Symptoms And Treatment 
                     What is Pilonidal Sinus , Causes , 
Symptoms And Treatment 
What is Pilonidal Sinus?
Pilonidal sinus is a condition where a small channel or tunnel forms beneath the 
skin between the buttocks, typically at the top of the cleft. It usually contains 
hair, debris, and fluid and can lead to the formation of abscesses or chronic 
infections. Pilonidal sinus is more commonly found in men than women. It can 
develop at any age but is most often seen in young adults. While the exact cause 
of pilonidal sinus is unknown, factors such as excessive hair growth, friction or 
pressure on the skin, and poor hygiene may contribute to its development.
Pilonidal Sinus
Types of Pilonidal Sinus
There are two main types of pilonidal sinus:
1) Congenital
2) Acquired
3) Congenital: This type of pilonidal sinus is 
present at birth. It results from a 
developmental defect that causes a small pit or 
depression in the skin between the buttocks. 
Over time, hair and debris can accumulate in 
the hole, forming a sinus.
2) Acquired: This type of pilonidal sinus develops over time, usually due to 
repetitive trauma or irritation to the skin in the area. Activities that involve 
prolonged sitting or pressure on the buttocks, such as cycling or truck 
driving, can increase the risk of developing an acquired pilonidal sinus. In 
addition, excessive hair growth, poor hygiene, and skin infections can also 
contribute to the development of an acquired pilonidal sinus.
Symptoms Pilonidal Sinus
The symptoms of pilonidal sinus can vary depending on the severity of the 
condition. Some common symptoms include:
1. Pain in the lower back or buttocks region
2. Swelling and redness around the affected area
3. Formation of a small hole or depression in the skin
4. Drainage of pus or blood from the sinus tract
5. Foul-smelling discharge from the sinus
6. Itching or irritation in the area
1. Pain: The area around the pilonidal sinus may be painful, especially when 
sitting or applying pressure.
2. Swelling and redness: The skin around the sinus may be swollen and 
reddened.
3. Small hole or depression: There may be a small hole or depression in the 
skin near the top of the buttocks.
4. Drainage: The sinus may drain pus or blood, which can have a foul odor.
5. Itching or irritation: The area may feel itchy or irritated, which can be 
exacerbated by hair growth.
6. Pilonidal abscess: If the condition progresses, a painful and swollen area 
filled with pus can develop, causing fever, chills, and difficulty sitting or 
lying down.
Causes of Pilonidal Sinus
The exact causes of the pilonidal sinus are not fully understood, but several factors 
are believed to contribute to its development. The condition is thought to arise from 
hair follicles becoming infected and inflamed, which leads to the formation of a sinus 
tract. Some of the factors that may increase the risk of developing pilonidal sinus 
include:
1. Excessive hair growth: When too much hair is in the area, it can become 
trapped in the skin, leading to inflammation and infection.
2. Friction or pressure on the skin: Activities that involve prolonged sitting or 
pressure on the buttocks, such as cycling or truck driving, can increase the risk 
of developing pilonidal sinus.
3. Poor hygiene: When the area is not kept clean, it can become a breeding 
ground for bacteria and other pathogens that can cause infection.
4. Genetics: Pilonidal sinus can run in families, suggesting that there may be a 
genetic component to the condition.
5. Gender: Pilonidal sinus is more common in men than in women.
6. Obesity: Being overweight or obese can increase the risk of developing 
pilonidal sinus, which can put extra pressure on the area.
Treatment for Pilonidal Sinus
The treatment for pilonidal sinus depends on the severity of the condition. Mild 
cases may be managed with home remedies such as warm compresses, good 
hygiene, and over-the-counter pain relievers. However, more severe cases may 
require medical intervention, including:
1. Incision and drainage: If there is an abscess, the pus may need to be 
drained by a healthcare professional.
2. Antibiotics: Antibiotics may be prescribed if the infection is severe or has 
spread to other parts of the body.
3. Surgery: In some cases, surgery may be necessary to remove the sinus tract 
and any infected tissue. This can be done using various techniques, including 
open excision, closed excision, or laser treatment.
4. Flap surgery: In cases where the wound is large, flap surgery may be used 
to close the wound and reduce the risk of recurrence.
5. Laser hair removal: If excessive hair growth contributes to the condition, 
laser hair removal may be recommended.
The choice of treatment will depend on the individual case. It should be 
discussed with a healthcare provider who can advise on the best course of 
action.
Laser Surgery for Pilonidal Sinus
Laser treatment for pilonidal sinus is a minimally invasive procedure that uses 
a laser to remove the affected tissue and seal the wound. During the 
procedure, a small laser fiber is inserted into the sinus tract, and the laser 
energy is used to vaporize and remove the infected tissue. The laser also seals 
the wound, which helps to reduce bleeding and promote faster healing. Laser 
treatment is typically performed outpatient and can be completed in as little as 
30 minutes. The procedure has a high success rate and can result in less pain, 
faster recovery time, and a lower risk of recurrence compared to traditional 
surgical methods. However, laser treatment is not suitable for all cases of 
pilonidal sinus, and the decision to use this treatment should be made in 
consultation with a healthcare professional.
Laser Treatment At “Hari Laser clinics”
At Hari Laser Clinic, laser treatment for Pilonidal Sinus is a minimally invasive 
procedure that uses a laser to remove the infected tissue and seal the wound. The 
procedure involves:
● Making a small incision in the affected area.
● Inserting a laser fiber into the sinus tract.
● Delivering laser energy to destroy the infected tissue.
This approach is less painful and has a shorter recovery time than traditional 
surgery. It also reduces the chances of recurrence and leaves minimal scarring. 
Patients can typically resume normal activities within a few days after the 
procedure.
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