All About Kubernetes
                     All About Kubernetes
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What are Orchestrators?
Orchestrators are tools that allow Devops administrators to fetch 
images from the registries, deploy them into containers, and 
manage container operation. This is the final phase of the container 
lifecycle, where the latest version of the application is deployed and 
comes onto live usage. Orchestrators are helpful in monitoring 
container resource consumption and job execution, identifying host 
failures, and automatically restarting containers on new hosts. When 
resources are exhausted, an orchestrator allocates additional 
resources to the containers. When an application running in the 
container needs to be updated, the existing containers are 
destroyed, and new containers are created from the updated 
images.
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Popular orchestrators include Kubernetes, Docker Swarm, Nomad, Mesos, 
etc.
Introduction to Kubernetes
Kubernetes is also known as K8s. It is an open-source, portable, extensible 
orchestration platform developed by Google. It is used for managing 
containerized applications and microservices. Containers provide an 
efficient way for packaging and running applications. In a real-time 
production environment, containers must be managed efficiently to bring 
downtime to zero. For example, if a container experiences failure, another 
container boots automatically. To overcome these issues, Kubernetes 
provides a resilient framework to manage distributed containers, generate 
deployment patterns, and perform failover and redundancy for 
applications.
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Features of Kubernetes:
• Service discovery: Kubernetes allows a service to be discovered via a DNS 
name or IP address.
• Load balancing: When a container receives heavy traffic, Kubernetes 
automatically distributes the traffic to other containers and performs load 
balancing.
• Storage orchestration: Kubernetes allows developers to mount their own 
storage capabilities, such as local and public cloud storage.
• Automated rollouts and rollbacks: Kubernetes automates the process 
of creating new containers, destroying existing containers, and moving all 
resources from one container to another.
• Automatic bin packing: Kubernetes can manage a cluster of nodes that 
run containerized applications. If you specify the resources needed to run the 
container, such as processing power and memory, Kubernetes can automatically 
allocate and deallocate resources to the containers.
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Kubernetes – Cluster Architecture
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Kubernetes Components:
Kubernetes cluster: Kubernetes cluster is a set of worker node or master 
node for operating containerized applications. If we are running Kubernetes, we 
are running a cluster. We can say cluster is the heart of Kubernetes. The key 
advantage: the capacity to schedule and run containers over a group of 
machines, be they physical or virtual, on-premises, or in the cloud.
Master: It is a collection of components which makes up the control plane of 
Kubernetes. These components are utilized for all cluster decisions. It involves 
both scheduling and responding to cluster events.
Node: It is a single host which is able to run on a physical or virtual machine. A 
node should run both kube-proxy, container runtime, and kubelet, which are 
considered as a part of the cluster.
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Kubernetes Master components:
 API server: The Kubernetes API server is easy to manage because all of the 
API server’s persistent state is stored in an external database to the API server. 
The server itself is stateless and can be replicated to handle request load and 
for fault tolerance. In a highly available cluster, the API server is replicated three 
times.
Kubernetes scheduler: Kubernetes scheduler is a piece of the open-source 
Kubernetes container orchestration platform that manages performance, ability, 
and availability through policies and topology awareness.
Controller manager: Kubernetes controller manager is a master 
component that runs controllers. Controllers are generally individual processes 
like node controller and endpoint controller but are combined into a single 
binary and run together in a single process to reduce complexity.
ETCD (/etc distributed): It is a distributed and consistent key-value 
storage where Kubernetes cluster data, service discovery details, API objects are 
stored.
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Kubernetes platforms:
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Difference between Kubernetes and Docker:
• Docker is open-source software that can be installed on any host to build, 
deploy, and run containerized applications on a single operating system. 
Kubernetes is a container orchestration platform that automates the process 
of creating, managing, updating, scaling, and destroying containers.
• Both Dockers and Kubernetes are based on microservices architecture. They 
are built using the Go programming language to deploy small, lightweight 
binaries and use YAML files to specify application configurations.
• When Kubernetes and Docker are combined together, they provide effective 
management and deployment of containers in a distributed architecture.
• When Docker is installed on various hosts with different operating systems, 
you can use Kubernetes to maintain these Docker hosts by container 
provisioning, load balancing, failover, and scaling.
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How can I prepare for Kubernetes?
Infosec Train is one of the leading IT security training providers. We offer a 
comprehensive training program for Kubernetes certification. If you want to take 
the expert’s help in getting through the Kubernetes certification exam, check 
these Kubernetes certification training course offered by Infosec Train:
https://www.infosectrain.com/courses/certified-kubernetes-administrator-cka/
https
://www.infosectrain.com/courses/certified-kubernetes-application-developer-ckad/
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