All about Computer Networking Course
                     All about 
COMPUTER 
NETWORKS
What is 
Computer 
Network?
Computer Network means an 
interconnection of autonomous 
(standalone) computers for information 
exchange. The connecting media could 
be a copper wire, optical fibre, 
microwave or satellite.
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Types of computer 
Networking
Local Area Network (LAN) –LAN or Local Area Network connects 
network   devices in such a way that personal computers and 
workstations can share data, tools, and program.
Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) –MAN or Metropolitan area 
Network covers a larger area than that of a LAN and smaller area as 
compared to WAN. 
 Wide Area Network (WAN) –WAN or Wide Area Network is a 
computer network that extends over a large geographical 
area.
Personal area network (PAN) is the interconnection of 
information technology devices within the range of an 
individual person. 4
Network Topologies
Mesh Topology:
In mesh topology, every device is connected to 
another device via particular channel.
Bus Topology:
Bus topology is a network type in which every 
computer and network device is connected to 
single cable. 
Star Topology:
In star topology, all the devices are connected 
to a single hub through a cable. 
Ring Topology:
In this topology, it forms a ring connecting a 
devices with its exactly two neighboring 
devices.
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Transmission modes in computer 
networks 
Simplex Mode Half-duplex Mode Full-duplex Mode
The  Each station can both  both stations can transmit 
communication is transmit and receive, and receive 
unidirectional, as but not at the same simultaneously.
on a one-way time. 
street.
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OSI MODEL
OSI Model It stands 
for Open Systems 
Interconnection. It 
comprises of 7 layers with 
the following 
responsibilites (starting 
from the lowest layer)
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TCP/IP Model
TCP/IP Model It 
comprises of 5 layers 
with the following 
responsibilities (starting 
from the lowest layer):
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Diffrence between OSI and TCP/IP 
Protocol
              OSI Model               TCP/IP Model
1 OSI refers to Open System TCP refers to Transmission 
Interconnection. Control Protocol.
2 OSI has 7 layers TCP/IP has 4 layers.
3 OSI have very strict boundaries TCP/IP does not have very strict 
boundaries.
4 OSI uses different session and TCP/IP uses both session and 
presentation layers. presentation layer in the 
application layer itself.
5 OSI is less reliable TCP/IP is more reliable
6 OSI developed model then TCP/IP developed Protocol then 
protocol. Model.
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