Air pollution has become a major concern for our modern world. These pollutants are known to cause serious toxic impact on human health and the environment. According to the World Health Organization report, six major air pollutants include particle pollution, ground-level ozone, carbon monoxide, sulphur oxides, nitrogen oxides, and lead. Prolonged exposure to these suspended toxicants may have an impact on the human respiratory and cardiovascular system, neuropsychiatric complications, the eyes irritation, skin diseases, and long-term chronic diseases such as cancer. Several reports have shown the direct association between exposure to the poor air quality and increasing rate of morbidity and mortality. For years’ air pollutants have been associated to a range of health outcomes, most notably cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. However, the effects of air pollutants on mental health conditions have been less-well studied, and mostly confined to epidemiological studies. Observational evidence has revealed associations between increasing levels of several components of air pollution and a range of mental health outcomes. Air pollutants are also the cause of serious neurocognitive effects ranging from behavioural variations to neurodegenerative disorders that ultimately have devastating effects on mental health. Let us try to understand the air quality vs mental health debate in detail.