A clinical literature review of effective supervision in clinical practice settings – Pubrica
                     A Clinical Literature  
Review of Effective  
Supervision in 
Clinical  Practice 
Settings
An Academic presentation by
Dr. Nancy Agnes, Head, Technical 
Operations, Pubrica  Group:
www.pubrica.com
Email: [email protected]
TODAY'S 
DInI BSriefCUSSION
Introduction  
Methodological problems 
 Effective supervision
Medicine: empirical Literature studies of effects of supervision on 
 patients
Skills and qualities of effective supervisors 
 Conclusion
About Pubrica
IN 
BRIEF
Clinical supervision is essential in postgraduate and,  
to a degree, undergraduate medical education.
However, it is likely the area of clinical education that  
has received the least attention, discussion, and  
development.
This is the first large-scale, multidisciplinary  
assessment of Clinical Literature Review Services on  
supervision from medical education.
Contd...
The empirical foundation of the literature 
is discussed, and the literature is reviewed  to identify: understandings and definitions 
of supervision and its purpose;content of 
 supervision
; availability, structure, and theoretical models of supervision; adequate  supervision; s
kills and; supervisor training and its effectiveness and qualities of  effective
 supervisors.
INTRODUC
TION
There is a small quantity of published medical research
on supervision, with few empirical investigations.
Becausesupervisoryproceduresinrelatedprofessions  can 
provide essential skills and insights for medicine, this
reviewhasincluded relevantliterature from other
healthcareprofessions, includingnursing and social
work, teaching, psychology, and counselling.
TheL  iteratureReviewWriting  Servicessearchincluded  
many academic and professional fields.
Contd...

A literature review examines published material in a 
 particular topic area and information published 
within  a specific period.
As the topic develops, a literature review of a mature  
issue addresses the need for criticism of, and  
potential reconceptualisation of, the topic’s more  
extensive and more varied knowledge base.
The second type of literature review is for new or  
developing issues and would benefit from a  
comprehensive conceptualisation and synthesis of  
the literature.
The review is more likely to lead to an initial or preliminary conceptualisation of the  
issue, such as a new model or framework because these topics are relatively new and  
have not yet undergone a complete evaluation of the literature.
METHODOLOGICAL 
PROBLEMS
Approximately300relevantarticlesandbookswere  
discoveredthroughouttheWritinga  LiteratureReview
 search.
Themajorityoftheempiricalresearchwassmall-scale,  
exploratory, and qualitative.
Asaresult,rigorousinclusioncriteriawerenotapplicable  for 
this review, and meta-analyses were impossible.
There was also no other large-scale, multidisciplinary  
evaluation (nor any review of medical supervision) that  
could be discovered. A bibliographic feature will be added  
to this review.
EFFECTIVE 
SUPERVISION
Whetherexpressedexplicitly  orimplicitly,the  
ultimategoalofmonitoring istoimprove
patient/client care and experience.
Asaresult,onesignificanttest  supervisio ofgood
n is
 patient/client outcomes.
Due to the numerous 
other variables that might  influence, showing that 
a specific supervisory  action directly affects the pa
tient/client is quite  challenging.
Contd...
Asaresult,someacademicshavelookedattheimpactsofsupervisiononthe  
trainee/supervisee to get around this cause/effect problem.
A large number of empirical research 
has been conducted to determine the impacts  of supervision on trainees, customers, o
r
 both.
MEDICINE: EMPIRICAL 
LITERATURE  STUDIES OF 
EFFECTS OF
SUPERVISION ON 
QuantitativeL iteratureReviewHelp  research 
PAsuTggIeEstsNthaTtsuSpervisionimpacts   
outcomes. patient
According to the evidence, less supervision of  
junior doctors in surgery, anaesthesia, trauma &  
emergency, obstetrics, and paediatrics is  
connected with an increase in fatalities.
Contd...
As a result, even though some trainees claim to profit from the experience that lack of  s
upervision provides, 
patient care decreases when they are unsupervised.
Furthermore, the unsupervised 
experience might lead to a willingness to tolerate  lesser standards of care since the stu
dent may not be able to acquire proper practice  without proper
 supervision.
SKILLS AND 
QUALITIES OF  
EFFECTIVE 
Effectivesupervisorsassigntasksfor patientcare,
SUopPpoErtunRitieVs tIo SperOformR oSperations, opportunities to  B 
est Literature Review Writing review patients,  
engagement in patient care, guidance, and constructive 
 criticism to their subordinates.
Basic teaching abilities, facilitation skills, negotiation
andassertiveness skills, counsellingand evaluation
skills,mentoring skills, knowledgeof learning
resources, and certification requirements are all  
required in the UK for the PRHO supervisor.
CONCLUS
ION
The evidence gathered throughout this review has  
been summarised at the end of each section.
It just partially answers and suggests answers to our  
initial questions.
Rather than the supervisory procedures utilised, the  
nature of the supervisory relationship is arguably the  
single most significant component in the efficacy of  
supervision Literature Review Article.
Contd...
Feedback is an essential part of supervision, and it must be given transparently so that  
the trainee understands their strengths and limitations.
The trainee must have some involvement and control over the supervising process.  
There are currently insufficient answers to the challenge of finding enough time for  
monitoring.
ABOUT 
PUBRICA
Pubrica’steamof researchersandauthors
develop Scientific and medical research papers  
that can beindispensable tools to the  
practitioner/authors.
P ubrica medical writers help you write and edit the
introduction  byintroducingthereadertothe  
shortcomings oremptyspacesintheidentified
research field.
Our experts know the structure that follows the  
broad topic, the problem, and background and  
advance to a narrow topic to state the hypothesis.
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