Editing And Proofreading Your Research Paper - Pubrica
                     EDITING AND  
PROOFREADING 
YOUR  RESEARCH 
PAPER
An Academic presentation by
Dr. Nancy Agnes, Head, Technical Operations, 
Pubrica  Group: www.pubrica.com
Email: [email protected]
Today's 
Discussion
Introduction
Strategies to Help Identify 
Errors  The Editing Process
Strategies for Proofreading your 
Paper  Proofreading Process
Other Areas to 
Check  Conclusion
Introductio
n
Grammatical errors have a severe negative  
impact on your research work.
They tend to present incorrect information, and  
therefore, it is vital that they are edited and 
 proofread before the final copy is submitted to  
your supervisor.
Editing and proofreading Services are essential 
 to the writing process.
Contd...
They provide effectiveness and clarity to your ideas.
Well, what makes editing different from proofreading?
While editing requires you to reread your draft to check for more  
important issues, including organization, paragraph structure, and  
content, proofreading is done focusing on finding and correcting errors in  
writing, grammar, and language.
Strategies 
Instead of working  from a computer screen, use
to  Help a  printout
Identify  Proofreading from a printout allows you to simply 
Errors  hop around to where errors may have been 
repeated  throughout the work [e.g., misspelt the 
name of a  person], as well as saving your eyes from 
the strain  of staring at a computer screen.
Read out loud
This is particularly useful for detecting run-on  
sentences and missing words, but you'll also pick up  
on other issues that you might not have seen while  
reading the text aloud.
Contd...
This will also assist you in taking on the reader's role, allowing you to
 comprehend the article as your intended audience 
would.
The method prevents you from skipping over potential errors and lets you read 
 through your document at your own leisure.
Every punctuation mark in your paper should be circled or highlighted
This compels you to pay close attention to each mark you make and
consider  why you used it in each sentence or paragraph.
Contd...
If you frequently misuse or overuse a punctuation mark, such as a
comma or  semi-colon, this is a very useful method.
Use the examine function of the computer to discover errors
Using your word processor's search [find] tool can help you find errors
more  quickly.
For example, suppose you repeatedly use the same phrase or qualifier.
In that case, you can search for those words or phrases and decide whether to 
 eliminate them or replace them with a synonym on each occasion.
The 
Editing is a skill that you need to learn. There are Editing  
 many ways by which you can develop editing 
skill. Process
Organization: When organizing your academic  
writing, there should be a clear introduction and a  
proper conclusion to it.
Paragraph Structure: Each paragraph should  
have a topic sentence to introduce its central idea.
Contd...
There should be clear transitions between sentences as well as between paragraphs 
 to make your flow coherent.
Main Ideas: There should be a focused thesis statement. Main ideas should
be  connected with the thesis statement and be supported by clear evidence.
Clarity: Clear evidence and proper definitions improve the clarity of your ideas.
Avoid Redundancy: Look for the repetition of words, accurate sentence structure, 
 and the correct use of technical terms.
Contd...

Strategies 
Before You Proofread for  
Revise the larger aspects of the text. Proofreadin
If you still need to work on the overall focus,  g  your Paper
development, and organisation of the paper, or if you 
 need to re-arrange or change individual portions [the 
 act of revising], don't proofread for the goal of  
making corrections to the sentence and word level  
[the act of editing].
Eliminate unnecessary words before looking for  
mistakes.
Contd...
If a more concise phrase will suffice, strive to avoid 
 employing inflated diction throughout your writing.
Overly complicated  sentence constructs
terminology are  difficult and  to proofread
more  simple, clear than
language.
Identify and replace empty or repetitive sentences at 
 the same time.
Review your list of references.
Contd...
Examine the sources you used in your paper and  
double-check that you referenced them correctly in  
your bibliography.
Make sure the titles in your bibliography are  
mentioned in the text as well.
Before you start editing your paper, make sure there  
are no omissions.
Proofreading 
 Process Proofreading follows after you edit your paper.
Look for errors and make the necessary revisions to 
 improve your writing.
Proofreading, too , requires certain skills.
Read and reread your work: It is not possible to find 
 all errors in one go.
First, read your writing aloud.
Contd...
Second, slow down the process, and be more focused.
By dividing your writing into sections, you can increase your focus and find
the  mistakes.
Highlight Common Errors: By this, you will understand where you
commonly  make mistakes, and can avoid it in future.
Other 
Ensure the formal style of writing.
Areas  to 
Check Avoid using the passive voice.
In scientific writing,
use tables and
figures to enable  
readers to interpret and visualize data.
Tables should include the following:
- A clear title
- Clear Headings for columns
- Defined body of data
Contd...
- footnotes or reference
Figures present data in a visual format such as photos, charts, graphs,
diagrams,  among others.
Similar to tables, figures need to recognize the data they convey clearly. 
 Figures should include the following:
- Captions or titles that reflect the topic.
Contd...
- Figures are listed by numbering each one of them for easy reference.
- Figures should be clear and easy to view.
If you follow the tips given above, you should be able to write an accurate, error-free 
 academic paper.
Conclusion
Proofreading is the last writing process before the  
author submits the article for publication. It is the stage  
of verification, by the author, or by another person.
Thus, it is not only important to check grammar and  
spelling, it is also highly advised to ensure that the idea 
 of the writer/author is in agreement with what they  
wants to communicate with the audience.
Contd...
In other words, that the article/work is clearly written for its intended target audience.
Pubrica use almost all of the editing strategies and provide best proofreading 
service  for your research papers.
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