Evidence-based medicine in mass gathering public health and emergency medicine literature review – Pubrica
                     Levels of evidence-based 
 medicine in mass  
gathering public health  
and emergency 
medicine  literature 
review
An Academic presentation by
Dr. Nancy Agnes, Head, Technical Operations, Pubrica  
Group: www.pubrica.com
Email: [email protected]
In brief
Mass gathering science is a very 
new  and emerging area, and it is 
now  necessary to summarise the 
rigour  of knowledge collected 
regarding  the intricate 
interrelationships  between 
significant event aspects,  spectator 
profiles, and health  concerns.
This study aims to describe the  
levels of evidence found in peer-  
reviewed academic papers about  
mass collecting public health and  
emergency medicine.
The data supporting the science of  
public health and evidence-based  
medicine practice has not been  
rigorously examined until now.
Introduction
Several principal literature 
evaluations  on various elements of 
mass collecting  evidence-based 
medicine in research  have been 
conducted in the past.
They released a paper at the time 
that  examined the level of scientific  
knowledge and urged scholars to  
address critical concerns in the  
provision of good healthcare during a 
 large-scale meeting.

In effect, throughout five years, the took stock of development in this  
specific area of mass gatherings.
Mass gathering science is a very new and emerging area.
Therefore, it is necessary to summarise the depth of knowledge 
collected  regarding the intricate interrelationships between key event 
features,  patient profiles, and public health consequences.
This study aims to conduct an online review of peer-reviewed scientific  
literature published between 2001 and 2011 about mass collecting public  
health and emergency medicine.
The publications in this study are organized into specified World Health  
Organization (WHO) categories, and the degrees of evidence-based  
practice quantitative research is measured using the effectiveness  
classifications devised.
The WHO categories are section titles that have been provisionally  
defined to reconstruct the WHO Guidelines for Mass Gathering Health.  
This helps comprehend the evolution of mass collecting literature since 
it  offers information on the degree of evidence in publications.
Methods
The following online databases
were  searched: GALE, NLM, Web of 
ScienEcels,evier, Wiley, BMJ Journals,
IngentaConnect, RMIT, OUP,
DJSOTAOJR,. Grey literature and publishaendd  
news stories were removed.
The levels of evidence were examined  
using the effectiveness classifications  
generated after the peer-reviewed  
publications were organized into pre-  
determined World Health Organization 
 categories.
The articles were gathered into their subject matter category, as resolute 
by  the WHO. The types comprised of:
Epidemiology  
Event 
Operations
Disease Surveillance and Outbreak 
Response  Point of Entry Health
Psychosocial Considerations
Public Information and Health 
Promotion  Emergency Medical Services 
 Environmental Deliberations
In addition, each publication was categorized using the JBI stages of  
evidence about the effectiveness as follows:
Meta-analysis of experimental trials (with homogeneity) (e.g., RCT with  
hidden randomization) OR A significant number of experimental trials 
with  small confidence intervals
one or smaller RCTs with broader confidence intervals Studies using a  
quasi-experimental design (without randomization)
a)Cohort studies (including a control group), b) Case-controlled studies, 
and
c) Observational studies (without control group)
Consensus, expert opinion, or physiological bench research
Discussion
Although high-level evidence  
studies may not be practicable in  
the setting of a mass gathering,  
investigations at the intermediate  
level should be promoted, so  
event management techniques  
are less reliant on experience and 
 expert opinion.
To construct a substantial body of knowledge, it is still necessary to  
carefully focus and further improve research in certain areas of mass  
collecting science.
This prevalence of lower evidence-based practice literature review levels 
in  the literature does not indicate that these research are uninformative 
or  unusable in practice.
The creation of theoretical models supported by more significant levels 
of  evidence and capable of underlying preventative and response 
strategies  that are successful and suited for implementation across 
diverse event  types in varying situations and geographies may remain 
the focus of mass  gathering research.
Identifying the most significant levels of evidence in each mass collecting  
health area will be critical to creating theory. A counterpart to this 
demand  is the need for increased research effort, particularly in 
disciplines where  the volume and quality of research are woefully 
lacking.
CONCLUSION
The development of theoretical  
models supported by more significant  
levels of evidence is required to  
underlie the creation of effective  
preventative and response models 
that  can be used in various types and 
 situations of mass gatherings. Some  
areas of mass information collection  
are still underdeveloped and require  
much work.
About Pubrica
Pubrica has worked as a medical writer in the past. Clinical Research,  
Pharmacology, Public Health, Regulatory Writing, Clinical Report Forms  
(Crf), Biostatistics, Psychology, Life Science, Dentistry, Radiology,  
Dermatology, Diabetology, Gynecology, Cardiology, Biochemistry,  
Forensics, Surgery, Neurology, Psychiatry, Genomics, Medical Device,  
Pharmaceutical, Nutraceutical, Fmcg Companies, Hospitals, Universities,  
Publish Unique Medical Writing Services
CONTACT US
UNITED KINGDOM
+44 1618186353
INDIA
+91-9884350006
EMAIL
[email protected]