The importance of case report writing in evidence-based practice - Pubrica
                     THE IMPORTANCE OF  
CASE REPORT 
WRITING  IN 
EVIDENCE-BASED  
PRACTICE
An Academic presentation by
Dr. Nancy Agnes, Head, Technical Operations, Pubrica 
 Group: www.pubrica.com
Email: [email protected]
Today's Discussion
Outline
In-Brief  
Introductio
n
General 
Principles 
of Case 
Report
Clinical Study Design and the Value of Case Reports 
and Studies  in Evidence-Based Practice
Medical Education
New Scientific Discovery & Role in 
Patient Care  Conclusion
In-Brief
Medical case study report writing should encompass the following five sections: 
 an abstract, an introduction with a literature review, a description of the case  
report, a discussion that includes a detailed explanation of the literature review, 
 and a summary of the case and a conclusion. All biomedical research offers  
some sort of data that can be used to guide patient care. The gathered data or  
research evidence's strength and quality are mainly based on the clinical  
research design type.
Introduction
Randomized clinical trials as a cornerstone in
act  advancing medical 
literature.
expensive, and need
They are labour
intensive,  significant resource 
uInti laizdadtitoionn.  to that, they are often challenging to execute.
Deals with unusual diseases, which are caused due to a 
 lack of significant study, i.e. group sizes.
Contd...
The major benefit in the publication of case reports is its essential role in medical  
education.
Regardless of experience, whether they are a first-year medical student or an  
expert physician, case reports have a significant role in advancing clinical  
knowledge.
It acts as a versatile teaching tool.
General  
Principles Medical case study report writing is a research designthat describes unexpected or novel clinical course
of  Case occurrence, report of findings and prognosis of
Report an  individualpatient, which might be or but notcompulsory, accompanied by a review of the literature 
 of other reported cases.
Though they are considered the bottommost in the  
hierarchy of evidence-based practice in the medical  
literature, it offers necessary data for shared individual  
experiences and unfamiliar events to improve  
understanding and optimise patient care.
This method might produce an idea or hypothesis.
Contd...
It will not be confirmed unless conducting additional observational study designs or 
 confirmatory quantitative experimental such as clinical trials or cohort studies.
Apart from that, a case report offers the medical community evidence that any other 
 designs cannot pick up.
The clinical observation case report might be in the tail of the hierarchy
of  evidence-based medicine.
Still, if properly selected and appropriately reported, it might stand a better chance 
 of publication in high impact journals than even a clinical trial.
Clinical Study  
Design and  All biomedical research offers some sort of data that 
the Value of   can be used to guide patient care.
Case Reports  The gathered data or research evidence's strength and 
and Studies in  quality are mainly based on the research design type.
 Evidence-  Clinical research design comprises the following 3 types of 
Based Practice  studies such as,
Case reports and studies,  
Observational clinical research, and 
 Experimental clinical research
Contd...
In that observational research, the methodology comprises the case-control study,  
the cohort study, and the cross-sectional study.
Experimental clinical research design includes a Randomized Controlled Trial  
(RCT), which is also called a double-blind, randomized controlled trial when carried  
out in a double-blind manner.
Case reports can be informative at times, but it has some restrictions due to the low  
strength of evidence that they provide.
Contd...
The low strength of evidence which is offered by case reports and readings got from 
 multiple intrinsic characteristics of such studies contains
Absence of appropriate controls;
Restricted sample size (one to a few individuals); and 
 Lack of blinding.
All these fundamental characteristics bring about 
important bias and random errors.
Because of the above restrictions, analysis of the results of case reports studies and 
 examination of their consequences must be done with great caution.
Contd...
In contrast, in the hierarchy of evidence offered by the above three groups of  
clinical research design, the double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial  
produce the strongest evidence for the efficiency and safety of a therapeutic  
modality or preventive.
The strength of evidence is further improved by systematic review and meta-  
analysis of multiple randomized controlled trials.
Case report writing services provides a clear view of clinical research and 
 clinical studies.
Contd...

Medical  
The major benefit in the publication of case reports is
Education its  essential role in medical education.
Regardless of experience, whether they are a first-year  
medical student or an expert physician, case reports have 
 a significant role in advancing clinical knowledge.
It acts as a versatile teaching tool.
It helps in stating two interrelated perspectives, both for  
patient and physician.
Contd...
It helps present a coherent story, reflecting the patient’s experience of illness and  
the physician’s diagnostic or therapeutic reasoning.
A huge portion of knowing clinical medicine mainly depends on understanding a  
given sickness and its complexity of presentations.
During their medical education, students have flooded with problem-based learning,  
clinical vignettes, etc.
While these tools are significant in building and testing the basics of medical  
sciences, unusual cases, or novel treatments presented in case reports allow an  
additional expansive clinical knowledge base.
Contd...
At times clinicians and students were trained to evaluate numerous diseases  
based on a pattern of signs or symptoms.
The evaluation of case reports in clinical literature permits clinicians and  
students to be aware of new or mixed presentation patterns.
At the same time, teaching points explained in a case report often have  
noticeable longevity.
Unless there is a huge change in the protocol caused due to diagnostic methods  
or recent therapeutics, the teaching points from a case report usually has no  
expiration date.
Contd...
Hence, many physicians and professors use previous cases for teaching purposes.
Finally, it is a standard in which medical students, experienced clinicians and recent  
graduates may record observations and thoughts in reaching a diagnosis or  
explain the rationale behind an innovative treatment.
New 
Scientific  As described above, one of the best features of the  case report is it has the facility to report novel findings  
Discovery &  and better-quality therapeutic strategies.
Role in  With quick, brief writing and publication rates, case  
Patient Care studies are an essential tool for rapidly expanding the  
growing body of clinical knowledge.
An example of this can be found while researching rare 
 diseases or disorders.
Running controlled trials with consistent testing  
procedures on rare disorders is very hard, as there are  
often insufficient patients to attain statistical power.
Contd...
Case studies present a venue to record opinions and possible therapeutic  
interventions that can be published.
A broad spectrum of data may be accessible in case reports such as unexpected  
complications, rare diseases from novel diagnostic or therapeutic techniques,  
standard therapy, and consequences from new technology, to name a few.
These illustrations simultaneously upgrade clinical knowledge and create a platform  
for further questioning through controlled clinical trials.
Thus, case studies also have a significant role in creating new research and  
hypotheses.
Contd...
The culmination of numerous case reports allows for comparison and generation of 
 hypotheses for further testing.
It is significant to understand the impact case reports have had on patient care.
For example, case reports regarding penicillin and toxic shock syndrome have had 
 enhanced patient care and direct clinical impact after publication.
Conclusion
When assessing the significance of the case reports, it is  
essential to remember numerous things.
First, it serves an essential role in the field of education.
For example, the various presentations of a given disease  
explained in a case report function in enhancing clinicians' 
 knowledge at all levels.
Irrespective of the publication date, conclusions drawn from 
 these studies can generally be reestablished or  
reassessed, showing no true conclusion for these articles.
Contd...
Additionally, case reports provide a significant foundation for further
research  through comparison and reporting novel clinical phenomena.
These comparisons have allowed for thought-provoking questions that have directly 
 impacted medical protocols.
Writing a medical case report is a long and complicated process to get help from  
online service providers.
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