PICO framework for framing systematic review research questions - Pubrica
                     THE PICO 
FORARM FERWAMOIRNKG  
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW  
RESEARCH 
QUESTIONS
An Academic presentation by
Dr. Nancy Agnes, Head, Technical Operations, 
Pubrica  Group: www.pubrica.com
Email: [email protected]
Today's 
Discussion
Outlin
Introduction
e
Evidence-Based Medicine Professional 
Practice  PICO Strategy to Frame the 
Research Question  PICO Framework
PICO Elements as perDomain
Creating a Question 
Statement  Conclusion
Introductio
n
A systematic analysis seeks to gather data to  
address a specific study issue.
This entails locating all primary research related to  
the specified review issue, critically evaluating the  
research, and synthesizing the results.
Systematic analyses may draw together various  
forms of information to analyze or clarify the context.
Contd...
They may incorporate results from different scientific  
trials to create a new integrated finding or inference.  
Any study topic can be addressed using systematic  
reviews.
Curiosity in a subject and a need to address a  
particular question can motivate a systematic  
analysis.
The question should define the specific demographic 
 to which the question refers and any action and  
concern results.
Contd...
A well-defined study issue will aid in the clarification  
of the eligibility criterion for the inclusion of related  
studies (and exclusion of irrelevant studies).
For comparatively straightforward systematic  
reviews of intervention efficacy, the "PICO" paradigm 
 is often used to inform the systematic review topic.
The PICO method for framing systematic review  
study questions is explained in this article.
Evidence-based medicine (EBM) involves  Evidence-  
incorporating professional practice, the best Based  
 available scientific data, and the patient's  
principles and interests into clinical  Medicine  
decision-making. Profession
The steps in practising EBM are based on al  
 the patient. Practice
They include posing well-focused
questions, looking for the best
possible  data, assessing the relevance
eviodfenthcaet, and then adapting the findings to 
 the patient's treatment.
Contd...
Universal access to healthcare information and knowledge-based  
resources is needed to sustain 21st-century health care and EBM  
practice.
To address scientific questions, clinicians and educators now use  
various tools and interfaces to scan the biomedical literature.
According to the literature, often clinical inquiries go unanswered  
because of difficulty formulating a specific topic, forgetting the issue, a  
lack of access to knowledge services, and a lack of search skills.
The first and arguably most critical move in the EBM process is to  
formulate a well-focused topic.
Contd...
It can be challenging and time-consuming to find adequate tools
and  look for valid information without a well-focused query.
EBM practitioners often use a specialized system known as PICO
to  shape the query and promote the literature review.
Patient Problem, Intervention, Comparison, and Outcome is
an  abbreviation for PICO.
Contd...
The PICO concept can be extended to PICOTT by including details  
about the kind of question being posed (therapy, diagnosis, prognosis,  
damage, and so on) and the best kind of research design for that  
specific question.
Using this approach assists the clinician in articulating the core parts of  
the therapeutic query that are most relevant to the patient and supports 
 the evaluation process by defining the key principles for an appropriate 
 search strategy.
PICO Successful search methods are usually well-  
Strategy  to structured and based on a PICO architecture.
Frame the  Population Intervention Comparison Outcome  
Research  (PICO) systems assist the searcher in  
categorizing search words.
Question
Since the medical model of study would usually  
be identified by; a target demographic, for  
example, children; an intervention, for example,  
an exercise regime; the form of comparison, for  
example, a randomized control trial; and effect,  
for example, weight control, PICO is very good at 
 recognizing medical literature where systematic  
analysis is popular.
Contd...
A well-constructed study query should include  
four components.
The PICO model is a useful method for grouping  
and narrowing down a study issue into a  
searchable query, and dividing the PICO  
components aids in the identification of search  
terms/concepts to use in literature searches.
P Patient, problem, population
I ‑ Intervention, prognostic factor, 
exposure  C ‑ Comparison
O ‑ Outcome
The PICO strategy results in a well-constructed  
test topic, which leads to a study design that
yields the highest degree of proof.
Contd...

PICO
Finding appropriate resources and useful facts  Framework
without a well-focused query can be difficult and  
time-consuming.
Keep the following points in mind when creating
the  PICO question:
Your patient is both a part of a society and
an  individual who has (or is at risk of 
having).
Contd...
As a result, in addition to age and gender, you can need to weigh race, social class, 
 or other demographic factors.
A comparison is not necessarily present in a PICO study.
The best proof comes from rigorous trials of statistically meaningful results,
but  outcomes can be observable.
An outcome should preferably assess clinical well-being or quality of life rather than 
 alternatives such as experimental test outcomes.
Contd...

PICO
Elements 
as  When developing your question using the PICO  
perDomain system, consider the sort of question you are 
 posing (therapy, prevention, diagnosis,  
prognosis, etiology).
The table below shows how Problems,  
Interventions, Comparisons, and Outcomes differ 
 depending on your question's type (domain).
Contd...

Creating a 
Question  
Statement
It is simple to compose your question statement
after clearly your  question's
defining  elements PICO key  system.
uillsuisntgrattihoens are given in the table bAenlyow.
Contd...

Conclusion These structures are instruments for guiding
the  creation of a search strategy.
A slight modification to the medical query  
structures, usually as basic as moving patient to  
population, allows structuring questions from both  
library and information science fields.
Rather than considering any of these systems to 
 be fundamentally different, consider the following  
elements: timeline, length, background, (health  
care) setting, atmosphere, type of issue, type of  
study nature, practitioners, visibility, outcomes,  
stakeholders, and scenario.
Contd...
Where required, these can be used  
interchangeably.
Maintaining an understanding of the various  
possibilities for structuring searches broadens the  
frameworks' future uses.
A thorough understanding of the structures also  
allows the searcher to tailor tactics to each  
situation rather than adapt a search situation to a  
system.
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