An Introduction To Arduino
                     An Introduction To 
Arduino
What is an Arduino?
Arduino is an open-source platform used for building electronics projects. Arduino consists of 
both a physical programmable circuit board (often referred to as a microcontroller) and a piece 
of software, or IDE (Integrated Development Environment) that runs on your computer, used to 
write and upload computer code to the physical board.
The Arduino platform has become quite popular with people just starting out with electronics, 
and for good reason. Unlike most previous programmable circuit boards, the Arduino does not 
need a separate piece of hardware (called a programmer) in order to load new code onto the 
board -- you can simply use a USB cable. Additionally, the Arduino IDE uses a simplified 
version of C++, making it easier to learn to program. Finally, Arduino provides a standard form 
factor that breaks out the functions of the micro-controller into a more accessible package.
What Can You Do With Arduino? 
❏ Make a line-following robot 
❏ Make a fluffy toy that lights up 
❏ Make your phone ring when you receive an e-mail 
❏ Make a Metroid-style arm cannon 
❏ Make a coffee maker that sounds an alarm when 
your coffee is ready 
❏ Make device that can record your heart rate when 
you ride your bike

Types of Arduino Boards?
Arduino board is an open-source platform used to make electronics projects. It consists of both a microcontroller and a 
part of the software or Integrated Development Environment (IDE) that runs on your PC, used to write & upload 
computer code to the physical board. The platform of an Arduino has become very famous with designers or students just 
starting out with electronics, and for an excellent cause.
The Function of the Arduino Board
The flexibility of the Arduino board is enormous so that one can do anything they imagine. This 
board can be connected very easily to different modules such as obstacle sensors, presence 
detectors, fire sensors, GSM Modules GPS modules, etc. The main function of the Arduino 
board is to control electronics through reading inputs & changing it into outputs because this board 
works like a tool. This board is also used to make different electronics projects in the field of 
electronics, electrical, robotics, etc.
Different Types Of Arduino Boards
● ArduinoLeonardo 
● Arduino Uno (R3)                                 
Board
               
● Arduino Robot
● Arduino Nano
● Arduino Esplora
● Arduino Micro
● Arduino Pro Mic
● Arduino Due
● Arduino Ethernet
● LilyPad Arduino Board
● Arduino Zero
● Arduino Bluetooth
● Fastest Arduino 
● Arduino Diecimila
Board
● RedBoard Arduino Board
● Arduino Mega (R3) Board
Arduino Uno (R3)
The Uno is a huge option for your initial Arduino. This Arduino board depends on an 
ATmega328P based microcontroller. It consists of 14-digital I/O pins, where 6-pins can be used as 
PWM(pulse width modulation outputs), 6-analog inputs, a reset button, a power jack, a USB 
connection, an In-Circuit Serial Programming header (ICSP), etc.Arduino Uno is the most 
frequently used board and it is the standard form apart from all the existing Arduino Boards
Arduino Nano
This is a small board based on the microcontrollers like ATmega328P otherwise 
ATmega628 but the connection of this board is the same as to the Arduino UNO board. 
This kind of microcontroller board is very small in size, sustainable, flexible, and reliable.
Arduino Micro
The Arduino Micro board mainly depends on the ATmega32U4 based Microcontroller that includes 20-sets of 
pins where the 7-pins are PWM pins, 12-analog input pins. This board includes different components like an 
ICSP header, RST button, small USB connection, crystal oscillator-16MHz. The USB connection is inbuilt and 
this board is the shrunk version of the Leonardo board.
Arduino Due
This Arduino board depends on the ARM Cortex-M3 and it is the first Arduino microcontroller board. 
This board includes digital I/O pins-54 where 12-pins are PWM o/p pins, analog pins -12, UARTs-4, a 
CLK with 84 MHz, an USB OTG, DAC-2, a power jack, TWI-2, a JTAG header, an SPI header, two 
buttons for reset & erase.This board works with 3.3V where the highest voltage that the pins of 
input/output can stand is 3.3V because providing a high voltage to any I/O pin can lead to damage the 
board 
LilyPad Arduino Board
The Lily Pad Arduino board is a wearable e-textile technology expanded by Leah “ Buechley” and 
considerately designed by “Leah and SparkFun”. Each board was imaginatively designed with huge 
connecting pads & a smooth back to let them to be sewn into clothing using conductive thread. This Arduino 
also comprises of I/O, power, and also sensor boards which are built especially for e-textiles. These are even 
washable!
Arduino Diecimila
The microcontroller board like Arduino Diecimila mainly depends on the ATmega168. This board includes 
digital I/O pins -14 where 6-pins can be used like PWM outputs & analog inputs-6, a USB connection, a crystal 
oscillator-16 MHz, an ICSP header, a reset button & a power jack. This board can be connected to a computer 
through a USB cable and it can be activated using a battery and an AC-DC adapter.
RedBoard Arduino Board
The RedBoard Arduino board can be programmed using a Mini-B USB cable using the Arduino IDE. It will 
work on Windows 8 without having to modify your security settings. It is more constant due to the USB or FTDI 
chip we used and also it is entirely flat on the back. Creating it is very simple to utilize in the project design. 
Just plug the board, select the menu option to choose an Arduino UNO and you are ready to upload the 
program. You can control the RedBoard over a USB cable using the barrel jack.
Arduino Mega (R3) Board
The Arduino Mega is similar to the UNO’s big brother. It includes lots of digital I/O pins (from that, 14-pins can 
be used as PWM o/ps), 6-analog inputs, a reset button, a power jack, a USB connection, and a reset button. It 
includes everything required to hold up the microcontroller; simply attach it to a PC with the help of a USB 
cable and give the supply to get started with an AC-to-DC adapter or battery. The huge number of pins make 
this Arduino board very helpful for designing projects that need a bunch of digital i/ps or o/ps like lots of 
buttons. Please refer to this link to know more about Arduino Mega (R3) Board
Arduino Leonardo Board
The first development board of an Arduino is the Leonardo board. This board uses one microcontroller 
along with the USB. That means, it can be very simple and cheap also. Because this board handles USB 
directly, program libraries are obtainable which let the Arduino board to follow a keyboard of the 
computer, mouse, etc.
Arduino Esplora
The Arduino Esplora includes a small computer known as a microcontroller including a number of inputs 
& outputs. The inputs of this board are a light sensor, four buttons, a microphone, an accelerometer, 
joystick, a slider, a temperature sensor, etc whereas the outputs are a 3 color LED, a buzzer. This kind of 
Arduino board looks like a videogame controller.
Arduino Zero
This is a powerful as well as simple 32-bit board and it provides the best platform for 
innovative projects like wearable technology, smart IoT devices, crazy robotics, high-tech 
automation, etc. This board expands by providing improved performance, permitting a range 
of project opportunities & performs like a great educational tool.
Arduino Architecture And Components
❏ General architecture
❏ AVR Microcontroller USB
❏ Analog and Digital I/O pins 
❏ Flash Memory
❏ USB port for serial communication
DC power 
jack
Mandatory Components
❏ Wires 
❏ Prototyping Board
❏ USB Connector
❏ Resistors and LED