Power Supply Converter
                     Power Supply 
Converter
DC-to-DC converter
There is an extensive range of voltage converters used in numerous 
applications. These voltage converters are available in different 
forms and sizes, ranging from small units with large capacities to 
larger units with smaller capacities. Based on the required usage, 
each of these voltage converter appliances has the ability to change 
its output current while maintaining a specified level of voltage.
Voltage conversion is required for a wide range of industrial, 
technological, business and even private needs. Similarly, the 
function of a voltage converter is to perform electrical conversion 
from a source with certain characteristics while creating necessary 
changes in terms of voltage change, wave configuration as well as 
in the "cleanliness" and stability of the wave itself.
Power supply converters are small, ingenious electronics 
that convert electrical power from one standard to 
another. These are mainly intended for use in international 
travel when voltage or plug type are different in the 
destination country from those used in the origin country. 
In other words, they allow a user to take a common device 
with an American 110-120 V ~ 60 Hz input and use it safely 
with a 220-240 V ~ 50 Hz output. So if you have phone or 
other common device that doesn't work properly outside of 
the US, you need a power supply booster converter.
              DC-to-DC converter
A DC-to-DC converter is an electronic circuit or 
electromechanical device that converts a source of direct 
current (DC) from one voltage level to another. It is a type 
of electric power converter. Power levels range from very 
low (small batteries) to very high (high-voltage power 
transmission).
DC-to-DC converters are used in portable electronic devices such 
as cellular phones and laptop computers, which are supplied with 
power from batteries primarily. Such electronic devices often 
contain several sub-circuits, each with its own voltage level 
requirement different from that supplied by the battery or an 
external supply (sometimes higher or lower than the supply 
voltage). 
Additionally, the battery voltage declines as its stored 
energy is drained. Switched DC to DC converters offer 
a method to increase voltage from a partially lowered 
battery voltage thereby saving space instead of using 
multiple batteries to accomplish the same thing.
Most DC-to-DC converter circuits also regulate the output 
voltage. Some exceptions include high-efficiency LED 
power sources, which are a kind of DC to DC converter 
that regulates the current through the LEDs, and simple 
charge pumps which double or triple the output voltage.
DC-to-DC converters which are designed 
to maximize the energy harvest for 
photovoltaic systems and for wind turbines 
are called power optimizers.
Consequently these techniques are used even where a 
mains transformer could be used; for example, for 
domestic electronic appliances it is preferable to rectify 
mains voltage to DC, use switch-mode techniques to 
convert it to high-frequency AC at the desired voltage, 
then, usually, rectify to DC.
The entire complex circuit is cheaper and more 
efficient than a simple mains transformer circuit of 
the same output. DC-to-DC converters are widely 
used for DC microgrid applications, in the context 
of different voltage levels.