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Intelligent Components & Systems
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PCB-Based Antennas and PIM Concerns
A large variety of PCB-based antenna structures are used at microwave frequencies, and some are 
used at higher frequencies.
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A common PCB antenna structure is a microstrip patch antenna.
A microstrip structure is a two-layer copper circuit with a signal plane and a ground plane, but it is 
more common for this type of circuit to be the outer layers of a multilayer circuit.
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The size of the copper feature or patch, for a microstrip patch antenna, has to do with a fraction of a 
wavelength, usually ½ wavelength.
The patch will radiate (transmit) or will be very sensitive to receive energy at a specific frequency, 
which is related to the ½ wavelength circuit feature size.
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