Stem Cell-Based Therapeutics: A New Horizon in Wound Healing
                     Stem Cell-Based 
Therapeutics 
A New Horizon in Wound Healing
www.advancells.com
Wound
• Wound is an injury or insult to a tissue.
• A natural healing process restores tissue’s 
normal structure and function after injury.
• But chronic wound healing has an impaired 
healing process that occurs in the following 
cases:
1. Diabetes Image Source:https://www.frontiersin.org/files/Articles/1136077/fbioe-11-1136077-HTML-r2/image_m/fbioe-11-1136077-g001.jpg
2. Burns
3. Genetic disorders
4. Ischemic injury
5. Trauma
Effects of Stem cells on Wound 
Healing
• Angiogenesis
1.  Stem cells secrete growth factors like VEGF that 
induce migration of endothelial cells to the wound.
2.  These endothelial cells initiate angiogenesis to 
form or extend blood vessels, thereby increasing 
the vascular density.
3.  The increased vascular density, in turn, improves 
the blood flow to the injury site and promotes cell 
Image Source:- https://www.frontiersin.org/files/Articles/1252318/fcell-
migration and re-epithelialization. 11-1252318-HTML-r1/image_m/fcell-11-1252318-g001.jpg
Cell proliferation
1.  Studies have shown differentiation of stem cells into 
keratinocytes.
2.  Stem cells also release multiple cytokines that cause 
the homing of fibroblasts and keratinocytes to the 
wound.
3.  They also promote the proliferation of fibroblasts and 
keratinocytes to restore tissue architecture.
4.  Increased collagen synthesis has also been 
associated with stem cell transplantation. Image Sourde:-https://www.katsanas.com/the-process-of-wound-healing/
 Immunomodulation
1.  Although inflammation is a part of the healing 
process, chronic inflammation can inhibit the 
tissue modeling.
2.  Stem cells, particularly MSCs, show anti-
inflammatory properties without affecting 
pathogen clearance.
3.  MSCs release anti-inflammatory cytokines and 
inhibit pro-inflammatory cytokines. Image Source:- https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2021/bm/d1bm00637a/unauth
4.   They also curb the reactive oxygen species 
that promote inflammation and matrix 
degradation.
Stem cell-based therapeutics
• Stem cells
1.  Among the many stem cells, MSCs have proven effective 
and safe for chronic wound healing.
2.  MSCs derived from adipose tissue, bone marrow, and 
umbilical cord has shown remarkable results.
3.  MSCs administered, in the form of subcutaneous injection 
or applied topically as fibrin spray, have shown decreased 
wound size and improved vessel density.
Stem cells with scaffold
1.  Reduced survival of stem cells in vivo wound 
healing has been a limitation to stem cell 
transplantation.
2.  Scaffolds infused with growth factors ensure their 
survival and differentiation in vivo.
3.  Biocompatible scaffolds made of gelatin, collagen, 
elastin, etc., have shown increased re-epithelialization 
and improved angiogenesis. Image Source: https://www.stephenriffle.com/science-
writing/bioinspired-kidney-scaffold
4.  Scaffolds have also been seen to induce homing of 
body’s own stem cells to the wound site.
Exosomes
1.  Stem cell-derived exosomes is an acellular 
therapy with reduced rejection risk from the 
immune system.
2.  They induce regenerative effects resembling 
the effects of stem cells such as angiogenesis, 
cell proliferation, immunomodulation, etc.
3.  Exosomes can be preconditioned or loaded 
with miRNAs and proteins that increase their 
healing potential.
Bioengineered skin
1.  Tissue constructs or grafts have been designed from 
skin cells, but stem cell-based tissue substitutes are still 
a subject for study.
2.  A research demonstrated positive outcomes after 
transplanting a skin graft constructed with stem cells 
isolated from different sources.
3.  Stem cells were also added to dermal skin substitute 
enhancing its wound healing potential.
 Conclusion
1.  Stem cell therapy has immense potential for wound healing.
2.  They can induce different processes that can accelerate wound healing process particularly 
beneficial for chronic wounds.
3.  The potential of stem cells has been enhanced with scaffolds and skin substitutes but still 
need further research.
4.  Exosomes seem to be a cost-effective alternative by providing an acellular alternative with 
reduced risk of immune rejection.
Thank You So Much
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