Health insurance premiums aren’t the only cost—hidden clauses like co-payment, deductibles, and sub-limits can leave policyholders paying more during claims. These cost-sharing mechanisms, regulated by IRDAI, keep premiums affordable but shift part of the burden to consumers. Understanding how co-pay percentages, upfront deductibles, and treatment-specific caps work is vital to avoid unpleasant surprises. By reading policy documents carefully and knowing your rights, you can balance premium savings with adequate protection.