Gum disease develops in three main stages. It begins with gingivitis, marked by bleeding, red, or swollen gums—this stage is reversible with professional cleanings and good hygiene. If ignored, it progresses to moderate periodontitis, where gum recession and bone loss begin, requiring deeper treatments like scaling and root planing. In its final stage, advanced periodontitis, significant damage to gums and bones can lead to loose or lost teeth. Early treatment is essential to protect your smile and prevent permanent damage.