Shukrayaan ISROs Venus Mission
                     SHUKRAYAAN: 
ISRO’S VENUS 
MISSION
INTRODUCTION
♦Shukrayaan -1 is a planned mission to Venus, 
also known as Shukra, the fiery earth. 
♦The viability of possible interplanetary missions, 
which include Venus, has been researched 
based on the progress of Chandrayaan and the 
Mangalyan ISRO. 
Source: 
www.thesciencebeyond.com
VENUS
♦Venus, the nearest celestial neighbour to Earth, 
has a very heavy atmosphere. 
♦Venus' surface temperature increases to 470 
degrees Celsius, making it the solar system's 
hottest planet, and the pressure on the surface 
of Venus is 90 times greater than the surface of 
the earth, meaning that no person or spacecraft 
can survive under these circumstances. 
Source: scitechdaily.com
NEW DISCOVERIES
♦Despite uninhabitable conditions at Venus, new 
discoveries show that on the fiery planet, life 
can still survive. 
♦Around 50 kilometers above the horizon, the 
temperature and pressure of Venus are close to 
that of the earth's surface.
Source: telanganatoday.com
SIGNS OF MICROBIAL 
LIFE
♦With the new science of life on Venus, 
researchers have found signs of microbial life in 
that area. 
♦ISRO suggested a spacecraft that would orbit 
the earth and concentrate on the chemistry of 
its atmosphere. 
Source: telanganatoday.com
CHEMISTRY OF THE 
SURFACE ATMOSPHERE
♦The mission would study the chemistry of the 
surface atmosphere and the nature of the 
atmosphere of Venus. 
♦The presence of phosphine gas in Venus' 
atmosphere was discovered by a team of 
Foreign Astronomers in September 2020. 
Source: timemagazine.com
OZONE SIGNS
♦Venus Express, the European Space Agency's 
mission, had previously detected ozone signs in 
the upper atmosphere of Venus in 2011. 
♦These are known as biomarkers, i.e., the 
probability of life forms on the earth being 
present. 
♦That is a gas that is colorless. It is flammable and 
extremely reactive. 
♦There are remnants of it in the Earth's 
atmosphere. This is because Oxygen easily kills it.
Source: telanganatoday.com
CALL FOR PROPOSALS
♦The VIRAL (Venus Infrared Atmospheric Gases 
Linker) instrument, co-developed by the Russian 
Federal Space Agency Roscosmos and the 
LATMOS Laboratory for Atmospheres, 
Ecosystems and Space Observations, attached 
to the French National Science Research Center 
CNRS, was chosen by the ISRO following a call 
for proposals. 
Source: indiatv.com
SHUKRAYAAN-1
♦The spacecraft will be launched with solar rays 
and solar winds by ISRO's most advanced 
rocket GSLV mark iii. 
♦Shukrayaan-1 will be able to carry 100 kg and 
roughly 16 Indian and 7 foreign payloads have 
been shortlisted to orbit Venus. 
Source: theeconomictimes.com
VENUS MISSIONS
♦42 Venus missions have been sent from planet 
Earth to Venus so far. 
♦Actually, Japan's Akatsuki flies around Venus. 
The mission is to research Planet Venus's 
atmospheric chemistry, compositional 
differences and dynamics. 
Source: finanialexpress.com
SPACE-BASED 
EXPERIMENTS
♦The mission was earlier expected to be 
launched in 2023. For its planned Venus orbiter 
mission 'Shukray, the ISRO has short-listed 20 
suggestions for space-based experiments, 
including from France.
Source: telanganatoday.com