Understanding Digital Image Processing.
                     Understandi
ng Digital 
Image 
Processing
What is Digital 
Image Processing 
(DIP)
It is the manipulation of the digital data with 
the help of computer hardware and software 
to produce digital maps in which the specific 
information has been extracted and 
highlighted.
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Origin of 
Digital Image
The first application of digital image was in 
the newspaper industry when the pictures 
were first sent by submarine cable between 
London and New York.
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Objectives of 
DIP
1. Improvement on pictorial information for 
human interpretation
2. Processing of image data for storage, 
transmission and representation for 
autonomous machine perception.
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What is an 
Image?
An Image is a spatial representation of a 
two dimensional or three-dimensional 
scene.
It is an array, or a matrix pixel (picture 
elements) arranged in columns and rows. 
Digital Image is composed of picture 
elements, image elements, and pixels.
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Image As a 
Matrix
A digital grayscale image is presented in the 
computer by pixels matrix. 
Each pixel of such an image is presented by 
one matrix element – an integer from the set. 
The numeric values in pixel presentation are 
uniformly changed from zero (black pixels) to 
255 (white pixels).
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Types of 
Images
1. Binary Image – The binary image contains only 
two-pixel elements 0 & 1. 
2. Black and White Image– The image contains 
black and white color.
3. 8 Bit Color Format – It has 256 different shades 
of colors and known as Grayscale Image. 
4. 16 Bit Color Format – It has different colors and 
is known as a High Color Format. 
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Phases Of Image 
Processing
1. Image Acquisition – Image acquisition 
involves preprocessing such as scaling etc. 
2. Image Enhancement – Basically, 
enhancement techniques bring out detail that 
is obscured and highlight certain features of 
interest in an image, such as changing 
brightness & contrast etc.
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Phases Of Image 
Processing Cont.
1. Image Restoration – Image restoration is an area that 
also deals with improving the appearance of an image. 
2. Colour Image Processing – Colour image processing 
is an area that has been gaining its importance 
because of the significant increase in the use of digital 
images over the Internet. 
3. Wavelets and Multiresolution Processing – The 
foundation for representing images in various degrees 
of resolution is enabled by wavelets.
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Phases Of Image 
Processing Cont.
1. Compression – Compression techniques reduce the 
storage required to save an image or the bandwidth 
to transmit it. 
2. Morphological Processing – Morphological 
processing extracts image components that are 
useful in the representation and description of shape.
3. Segmentation – Segmentation procedures partition 
an image into its constituent parts or objects.
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Applications of 
DIP
Medical Field
Remote Sensing
Machine/Robot vision
Video processing
Pattern Recognition
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