Vertical farming is a method of growing crops in stacked layers or vertically inclined surfaces under controlled environment conditions. It often uses soilless systems like hydroponics, aeroponics, or aquaponics, along with LED lighting, climate control, and automation. The approach allows for year-round cultivation, reduces dependency on large plots of farmland, and helps bring fresh produce closer to urban centers. Key advantages are reduced water usage, lower transportation needs, cleaner produce, and better resistance to pests and weather. Challenges include energy management, technical complexity, and developing reliable systems for consistent output and crop diversity.