Understanding Retina Diseases
                     Understanding 
Retina Diseases
Introduction
●The retina is a vital part of the eye 
responsible for converting light into neural 
signals, which are then transmitted to the 
brain, enabling vision. However, various 
diseases can affect the retina, leading to 
vision impairment or even blindness. In this 
presentation, we'll delve into some common 
retina diseases, their causes, symptoms, and 
treatment options.
Retina Diseases
01 02
Age-related Diabetic 
Macular Retinopathy
Degeneration
03 04
Retinal         
Detachment Retinitis 
Pigmento
sa
01
Age-related 
Macular 
Degeneration
Age-related Macular Degeneration
Causes :
• AMD is primarily caused by aging and genetic 
predisposition.
• Other risk factors include smoking, obesity, and 
prolonged exposure to UV light.
Symptoms :
• Blurred or distorted vision, especially in the 
center of the visual field.
• Difficulty recognizing faces or reading small 
print.
• Gradual loss of central vision.
Treatment :
• Anti-VEGF injections to inhibit abnormal blood 
vessel growth.
• Photodynamic therapy to destroy abnormal 
blood vessels.
• Laser therapy to seal leaking blood vessels.
02
Diabetic 
Retinopathy
Diabetic Retinopathy
Causes :
• Develops in individuals with diabetes due to damage to blood 
vessels in the retina.
• Poorly controlled blood sugar levels increase the risk.
Symptoms :
• Initially, no symptoms may be present.
• As the disease progresses: blurred vision, floaters, and 
eventual vision loss.
Treatment :
• Laser surgery to seal leaking blood vessels.
• In advanced stages, vitrectomy may be necessary to remove 
scar tissue.
03
Retinal 
Detachment
Retinal Detachment
Causes :
• Retinal detachment occurs when the retina separates from the 
underlying tissue.
• Causes include trauma, aging, and previous eye surgeries.
Symptoms :
• Sudden onset of floaters or flashes of light.
• Shadow or curtain descending over the visual field.
• Rapid loss of vision.
Treatment :
• Surgical procedures like scleral buckling or vitrectomy to 
reattach the retina.
• Prompt treatment is crucial to prevent permanent vision loss.
04
Retinitis 
Pigmentosa (RP)
Retinitis Pigmentosa (RP)
Causes :
• RP is a genetic disorder characterized by the progressive 
degeneration of retinal cells.
• Mutations in over 60 genes have been linked to RP.
Symptoms :
• Night blindness, followed by gradual loss of peripheral vision.
• Tunnel vision in advanced stages.
• Central vision may remain intact until later stages.
Treatment :
• Currently, there's no cure for RP.
• Management focuses on preserving existing vision and improving 
quality of life through low-vision aids and mobility training.
Conclusion
Understanding retina diseases is crucial for 
early detection and timely treatment, which 
can significantly impact the prognosis and 
quality of life for affected individuals. Regular 
eye exams and adopting a healthy lifestyle are 
essential steps in maintaining optimal eye 
health.
Bhalanetra Super Specialty Eye 
Hospital Mumbai Contact
Address :
Shop Number 5-8, Sachdeva complex, Jangal  Mangal Rd, 
Battipada , Bhandup West, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400078
Book an Appointment :
+91 9833976577
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