Top 5 Data Security Incidents of 2023 and Predictions for 2024
                     Top 5 Data Security 
Incidents of 2023 
and Predictions for 
2024
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Summary: Notable trends and threats emerged in the cyber landscape of 2023, shaping cyber security’s 
direction. The growth of generative AI, as exemplified by applications such as ChatGPT, represented a 
watershed moment for artificial intelligence, demonstrating its potential while also introducing new 
concerns. The Zscaler ThreatLabz team’s investigation revealed an increase in AI/ML traffic and usage 
across companies, but this widespread adoption also presented issues. Ransomware attacks increased by 
37% in 2023, indicating a shift towards encryption-less approaches, as demonstrated by the Clop 
ransomware’s enormous data theft using the MOVEit tool. Social engineering tactics became trickier with 
the integration of AI, emphasizing the need for heightened vigilance. The emergence of a new security 
paradigm, “zero trust architecture,” became imperative in response to outdated protective measures.
As we transition to 2024, predictions foresee increased AI-powered attacks, smarter ransomware 
leveraging RaaS, rising MiTM threats, and adaptive responses to evolving regulations. Organisations 
are urged to fortify their defences, adopt advanced security measures, and embrace the dynamic 
landscape of cyber security.
Taking a backward look at the data security landscape of 2023 reveals a year filled with important 
incidents that have profoundly impacted the cyber security narrative. As we investigate the top five 
data security incidents that occurred, we obtain vital insights into the developing strategies of cyber 
attackers. Furthermore, we look ahead to 2024, anticipating the trends and problems that will 
shape the forthcoming year in the field of data security. Join us on this journey as we examine the 
past and predict the possible situations that will define the cyber security landscape in 2024.
Rewind to 2023: Cyber Trends and Threats
1. The Evolution of Generative AI in 2023
Looking back, 2023 was a crucial year for artificial intelligence (AI), marking its significant rise in our 
awareness. This period introduced both exciting possibilities and risks through generative AI technologies. 
Notably, applications like ChatGPT showcased the transformative power of AI and machine learning, 
changing how organisations operate.
In September, the Zscaler ThreatLabz team analyzed AI/ML and ChatGPT trends within enterprises 
throughout the year. They found clear increases in both AI/ML traffic and usage.
However, the widespread adoption of AI has a downside. Bad actors are now using AI to make 
phishing attacks more sophisticated, create hard-to-detect malware, and speed up the development 
of threats in various areas. This puts security leaders and organisations at a crossroads, needing to 
find the right balance between benefiting from AI’s progress and dealing with the challenges posed 
by AI-powered threats.
2. Resurgence of Ransomware in 2023
In 2023, ransomware had a big impact, becoming a worrisome trend. ThreatLabz research showed a 
significant 37% increase in ransomware attacks. These attacks demanded, on average, $5.3 million 
from businesses, and payments went over $100,000.
Ransomware groups became more advanced in 2023. ThreatLabz noticed an increase in attacks 
without encryption, making the process smoother for attackers. Without encryption, they could 
take data quietly before asking for a ransom.
A significant event in 2023 was the Clop ransomware attacking the MOVEit file transfer tool. This 
became the biggest data theft of the year, affecting 83 million people and almost 3,000 
organisations. It shows that the supply chain is still a big vulnerability in business security, 
highlighting the ongoing challenges posed by evolving ransomware tactics.
3. Trickier Tricks with Social Engineering
Before, tricks that exploit people’s vulnerabilities were a problem, but now, with AI in the mix, these 
tricks are even more dangerous. AI made common tricks like phishing and smishing (SMS phishing) 
more advanced and effective. In 2023, there was a noticeable change: more scams involved voice 
messages, known as vishing (voice phishing). ScatteredSpider, linked to the BlackCat group, used 
this tactic and caused a lot of harm, especially to the gaming industry. Last year, we saw social 
engineering attacks changing quickly, and this makes it harder to find and stop them.
4. The Rise of a New Security Approach
The cyber security challenges in 2023 highlight a clear message for organisations: they need to 
update how they keep their information safe and adopt a new way of thinking called “zero trust 
architecture.” Old methods of securing information, such as classic virtual private networks (VPNs) 
and firewalls, cause more difficulties than they solve. These methods not only make it easier for 
cyber threats to attack but also make it harder for organisations to deal with advanced threats and 
the demands of cloud technology.
In 2023, there was a noticeable increase in problems with VPNs, and almost half of the 
organisations reported being attacked through their VPNs.
The good news is that 92% of these organisations are looking into or already using the zero-trust 
approach. This shows that more organisations are recognizing the importance of zero trust as a top 
priority in 2023.
5. Trouble with Business Tools
In 2023, bad actors started targeting the companies that provide essential tools for businesses. This 
shows that the wider digital network that supports businesses is becoming more vulnerable. Many 
tools that businesses rely on every day are connected, making them easier targets. The reasons 
behind these attacks vary, from wanting money to stealing important login information, and 
sometimes even for political reasons in the case of attacks by nations. This shift in focus on these 
tools highlights the importance for companies to go beyond just protecting their systems. The 
solution? Having a more advanced plan to manage risks from outside parties.
2024 Predictions: AI, RaaS, MiTM (and More)
1. AI-Powered Attacks on the Rise
In 2024, we expect more attacks using advanced AI technology. AI-driven tools will be widely used by 
cyber attackers to automate tasks like finding weak points in systems, crafting fake emails, and identifying 
vulnerabilities. This makes it easier for them to carry out attacks on a larger scale.
The use of AI in cyber attacks is concerning. There are reports of malicious versions of AI tools circulating 
on the dark web, indicating a potential rise in unethical AI use in cyber threats. In the U.S., where it’s an 
election year, it’s crucial to safeguard critical systems against AI-powered misinformation and other 
elusive attacks.
To stay safe, organisations need to be extra careful. This includes training employees to recognize 
social engineering and AI-specific threats, and holding vendors responsible for providing secure AI-
powered cyber security. It’s a matter of using advanced AI and other techniques to protect our data, 
devices, and networks against these evolving cyber threats.
2. Ransomware Gets Smarter
In 2024, we expect ransomware attacks to become more advanced, thanks to something called 
Ransomware-as-a-Service (RaaS). This means even less skilled cyber criminals can use sophisticated 
tools to carry out successful attacks. There’s also a new trend where brokers help criminals get 
unauthorized access to networks, making it easier for them to launch attacks. Instead of encrypting 
data, attackers are using different tactics to avoid detection, making it harder for organisations to 
protect themselves.
To stay safe from these evolving threats, organisations need to focus on a zero-trust protection plan 
that covers every step of an attack, from the initial compromise to the actual attack. It’s all about 
being extra cautious at every stage to prevent these smarter ransomware attacks.
3. Watch Out for Middle-of-the-Road Attacks
In 2024, companies need to be careful about middle-of-the-road attacks, also known as Man-in-the-
Middle (MiTM) attacks. These attacks could become more common if organisations don’t have a 
strong security system, like “zero trust architecture.” This is a concern because tools for these 
attacks are now more accessible to cyber criminals.
To stay safe from MiTM risks, such as unauthorized access and data theft, companies must use 
advanced security measures. This includes having a robust security system, thoroughly checking 
data communication, and using a special type of authentication called FIDO2 multifactor 
authentication (MFA). Without these safeguards, organisations might have vulnerabilities in how 
they communicate and verify user identities. Therefore, in 2024, companies must prioritize these 
security measures.
4. Guarding Against Attacks on AI Systems
In 2024, there’s a danger of attacks targeting vulnerable parts of AI systems. As different 
components of AI systems become more connected, both the starting and ending points could be at 
risk.
Attackers are figuring out new ways to exploit weak points beyond the usual methods. With 
companies increasingly using AI, especially large language models (LLMs), concerns about the 
security of the entire system are growing. If not adequately protected, AI systems can become 
targets for attackers looking to tamper with training data, manipulate updates, or insert harmful 
algorithms. This could provide a gateway for attackers to access a company’s data or systems.
To avoid these risks, companies must recognize the importance of having a robust and secure 
system, often referred to as a resilient supply chain. It’s vital to invest in protection against the 
serious consequences of an attack on the supply chain. This includes securing the parts of the system 
connected to the internet and implementing security controls to restrict attackers’ movements. In 
summary, companies need to approach this cautiously to protect not only their own AI systems but 
also those of the companies they collaborate with.
5. Changing Attacks Because of New Rules
When the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) introduces new rules, attackers might 
change their tactics. The SEC now requires companies to disclose important security breaches. In 
response, attackers may become even sneakier. They might use advanced methods to stay hidden, 
like tricky evasion techniques and encryption, to keep their access undetected for longer.
Also, they might target less important systems more often to stay under the radar, gather 
information, and quietly get more control. Trying to avoid disclosing breaches right away, attackers 
could focus more on exploiting vulnerabilities in third-party and supply chain systems. In short, the 
future might see attackers adapting to these new rules with smarter and more strategic approaches.
Conclusion
Finally, the retrospective study of the top five data security incidents in 2023 provides a critical basis for 
understanding the complex nature of cyber threats and their impact on organisations. These instances 
demonstrate the ongoing necessity for strong cyber security measures in an ever-changing digital 
ecosystem. Looking ahead to 2024, the forecasts offer a proactive look at anticipated obstacles and 
developing trends, directing stakeholders toward strategic and adaptable security approaches. As we 
approach the start of a new year, the insights garnered from the past and the foresight
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