What is software testing?
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What is Software Testing
Software Testing is a method to check whether the actual software product matches 
expected requirements and to ensure that software product is bug free. It involves 
execution of software/system components using manual or automated tools to 
evaluate one or more properties of interest. The purpose of software testing is to 
identify errors, gaps or missing requirements in contrast to actual requirements.
Some prefer saying Software testing definition as a White Box and Black Box Testing. In 
simple terms, Software Testing means the Verification of Application Under Test (AUT). 
This Software Testing course introduces testing software to the audience and justifies 
the importance of software testing.
History of Software Testing
Software testing is a process that helps ensure the quality of software products. It started 
alongside the development of software, which began just after World War II. Computer 
scientist Tom Kilburn is credited with writing the first piece of software, which was unveiled on 
June 21, 1948, at the University of Manchester in England. It performed mathematical 
calculations using machine code instructions.
The development of software testing began shortly after the second world war when computer 
scientist Tom Kilburn created the first piece of software. This software debuted on June 21, 
1948, at the University of Manchester in England and was able to perform mathematical 
calculations using machine code instructions.
Types of Software Testing
Manual vs. Automated Testing
It's important to make the distinction between manual and automated tests. Manual testing is 
done in person, by clicking through the application or interacting with the software and APIs with 
the appropriate tooling. This is very expensive since it requires someone to setup an environment 
and execute the tests themselves, and it can be prone to human error as the tester might make 
typos or omit steps in the test script.
Types of Tests
• Unit tests
• Integration tests
• Functional tests
• End-to-end tests
• Acceptance testing
• Performance testing
• Smoke testing
Unit tests
- Unit tests are very low level and close to the source of an application. They consist in testing individual methods 
and functions of the classes, components, or modules used by your software. Unit tests are generally quite cheap to 
automate and can run very quickly by a continuous integration server.
Integration tests
- Integration tests verify that different modules or services used by your application work well together. For 
example, it can be testing the interaction with the database or making sure that microservices work together as 
expected. These types of tests are more expensive to run as they require multiple parts of the application to be up 
and running.
Functional tests
- Functional tests focus on the business requirements of an application. They only verify the output of an action and 
do not check the intermediate states of the system when performing that action.
End-to-end tests
- End-to-end testing replicates a user behavior with the software in a complete application environment. It 
verifies that various user flows work as expected and can be as simple as loading a web page or logging in or 
much more complex scenarios verifying email notifications, online payments, etc...
End-to-end tests are very useful, but they're expensive to perform and can be hard to maintain when they're 
automated. It is recommended to have a few key end-to-end tests and rely more on lower level types of testing 
(unit and integration tests) to be able to quickly identify breaking changes.
Acceptance testing
- Acceptance tests are formal tests that verify if a system satisfies business requirements. They require the entire 
application to be running while testing and focus on replicating user behaviors. But they can also go further and 
measure the performance of the system and reject changes if certain goals are not met.
Performance testing
- Performance tests evaluate how a system performs under a particular workload. These tests help to 
measure the reliability, speed, scalability, and responsiveness of an application. For instance, a 
performance test can observe response times when executing a high number of requests, or determine 
how a system behaves with a significant amount of data. It can determine if an application meets 
performance requirements, locate bottlenecks, measure stability during peak traffic, and more. 
Smoke testing
- Smoke tests are basic tests that check the basic functionality of an application. They are meant to be 
quick to execute, and their goal is to give you the assurance that the major features of your system are 
working as expected.
Smoke tests can be useful right after a new build is made to decide whether or not you can run more 
expensive tests, or right after a deployment to make sure that they application is running properly in the 
newly deployed environment.
Why Software Testing is Important
Software testing is an important aspect of software development that cannot be 
overlooked. Late software delivery or defects can ruin a company's reputation with 
customers, leading to frustration and a loss of business. In some cases, a bug or system 
defect can cause major malfunctions or damage other interconnected systems.
This content is written by Harsha Yadav,
Harsha Yadav works as Software Test Engineer in Devstringx Technologies for 
the last 02 Years. She has 04 years of experience in manual & automation 
software testing. She has worked on two different projects with one domains 
Health. She believes in sharing her knowledge through her blog. 
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