All about the Second battle of Panipat.
                     ALL ABOUT THE 
SECOND BATTLE OF 
PANIPAT
SECOND BATTLE OF PANIPAT
 The Second Battle of Panipat was 
fought between the Mughals and the 
Hindu emperor of North India, Hemu, 
on 5 November 1556 at Panipat, in 
present-day Haryana.
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THE MUGHALS
 Humayun, the successor of Babur lost 
his inheritance when Sher Shah Suri 
chased him out of India. When the Suri 
empire fell, Hemu took over their land 
and was gaining power.
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HEMU
 Hemu started a rapid march from 
Bengal and drove the Mughals out, as 
he progressed towards Agra, where the 
governor evacuated and fled without a 
fight upon hearing that Hemu headed 
to invade the city.
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VIKRAMADITYA
 In pursuit of the governor, Hemu reached 
Tughlaqabad, a village just outside Delhi 
where he ran into the forces of the 
Mughal and defeated them in the Battle 
of Tughlaqabad, claiming the royal status 
of ‘Vikramaditya’.
AKBAR’S FORCES
 On hearing the news of the 
Tughlaqabad battle, the 13 year-old 
Mughal successor Akbar and his 
guardian Bairam Khan headed towards 
Delhi, with a 10,000-strong cavalry 
force sent ahead of them.
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ARTILLERY LOSS
 Ali Quli Khan Shaibani, who led the 
Mughal forces chanced upon Hemu’s 
artillery being transported on a train 
under a weak guard by the Afghans, 
who fled leaving the all the guns, which 
was a huge loss for Hemu.
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FORMATION
 Hemu's army was numerically superior with 
a 30,000-strong cavalry consisting of Afghan 
horsemen and 500 elephants. Hemu led his 
army himself into battle which was 
experienced and confident as by this time, 
had been victorious in 22 battles from 
Bengal to Punjab. However, Hemu had no 
artillery.
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THE BATTLE
 Hemu began the attack himself and loosed his 
elephants among the right and left wings of the 
Mughals. As the battle progressed and he was 
close to victory, Hemu was struck by a Mughal 
arrow and collapsed, causing panic among his 
army, which broke formation and about 5000 of 
them were killed as they tried to flee.
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AFTERMATH
 The elephant carrying unconscious and almost 
dead Hemu was captured after several hours, 
where Bairam Khan asked the 13-year-old Akbar 
to behead Hemu, but he refused to take the 
sword to a dead man. Hemu's head was sent to 
Kabul to be hanged outside Delhi Darwaja, 
while his body was gibbeted on a gate in 
Purana Qila.
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