Internet of Things (IoT) Technology and its architecture.
                     Internet of Things (IoT) Technology and 
its architecture
IoT
• The Internet of Things (IoT) is defined as a paradigm in 
which objects equipped with sensors, actuators, and 
processors communicate with each other to serve a 
meaningful purpose.
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Agglomeration of technologies
•  IoT devices are equipped with embedded sensors, 
actuators, processors, and transceivers. IoT is not a 
single technology; rather it is an agglomeration of various 
technologies that work together in tandem.
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Devices
• Sensors and actuators are devices, which help in 
interacting with the physical environment. The data 
collected by the sensors has to be stored and processed 
intelligently in order to derive useful inferences from it.
Source: Google Images
Data
• The storage and processing of data can be done on the 
edge of the network itself or in a remote server. If any 
preprocessing of data is possible, then it is typically done 
at either the sensor or some other proximate device.
Importance of architecture
• Every IoT deployment needs a rock-solid IoT architecture 
to be able to serve its designed purpose; the resulting 
efficiency and applicability of the system largely depends 
on the quality of the infrastructure developed.
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IoT Architecture
• Putting any IoT system to work requires harnessing all the 
resources, hardware, software, and systems, however varied 
they all may be, into one single framework to form an 
integrated, reliable, and cost-effective solution. In simple terms, 
every IoT deployment needs a rock-solid IoT architecture.
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Three and five-layer architecture
• It has three layers, namely, the perception, network, and 
application layers. The perception layer is the physical layer, 
which has sensors for sensing and gathering information, 
network layer is responsible for connecting to other smart 
things and the application layer is responsible for delivering 
application specific services to the user
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Cloud and fog-based architecture
• Data processing is done in a large centralized fashion by cloud 
computers. Such a cloud centric architecture keeps the cloud 
at the center, applications above it, and the network of smart 
things below it. A fog architecture presents a layered 
approach, which inserts monitoring, preprocessing, storage, 
and security layers between the physical and transport layers.
Source: Google Images
IoT the future
• IoT architecture may vary from solution to solution, but its 
core consists of the four building blocks that are key in 
providing the fundamental features that make a sustainable 
IoT ecosystem: functionality, scalability, availability, 
maintainability and cost-effectiveness.