Prostate Cancer Screening Diagnosis and Treatment
                     Prostate Cancer
Screening, Diagnosis and Treatment
Dr. Mayur Dalvi
Introduction
Prostate cancer is the second 
most common cancer in men 
worldwide. Early detection is 
essential for successful 
treatment. This presentation 
will discuss screening, 
diagnosis, and treatment 
options for prostate cancer.
Prostate Cancer
Definition: Prostate cancer is a cancerous 
growth that occurs in the prostate gland 
of the male reproductive system.
Epidemiology: Prostate cancer is 
common cancer in men, with more than 
1.4 million cases diagnosed worldwide 
each year.
Risk factors: Age, family history, race, 
and diet increase the risk of developing 
prostate cancer.
Symptoms: Difficulty urinating, blood in 
urine/semen, and bone pain are 
symptoms of prostate cancer.
Screening for Prostate Cancer
Overview: Prostate cancer screening involves the PSA blood 
test and digital rectal exam to detect cancer before symptoms.
Recommended screening guidelines: Discussing screening 
with a doctor is recommended, especially for men aged 50 
and above, or earlier for high-risk individuals.
PSA blood test: Measures the level of prostate-specific 
antigen (PSA) in the blood. Elevated levels may indicate 
prostate cancer.
Digital rectal exam: A physical examination of the prostate 
gland by a doctor.
Benefits and limitations of screening: Early detection leads to 
better outcomes, but there are limitations, such as false 
positives, overdiagnosis, and overtreatment.
Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer
Diagnostic tests: An abnormal PSA level or 
digital rectal exam may require further testing 
to diagnose prostate cancer.
Biopsy: A tissue sample of the prostate is taken 
and examined for cancer cells.
Imaging tests: MRI, CT scan, or bone scan may 
be used to determine the extent of cancer.
Staging and grading: Prostate cancer is staged 
and graded based on tumor size, extent, and 
cancer cell aggressiveness.
Treatment of Prostate Cancer
Overview: Treatment options for prostate cancer vary based on 
cancer stage, grade, patient's health and preferences.
Active surveillance or watchful waiting: Monitoring cancer for any 
changes without immediate treatment.
Surgery: Radical prostatectomy involves removing the entire 
prostate gland.
Radiation therapy: High-energy radiation is used to kill cancer cells.
Hormone therapy: Slows down or stops the growth of cancer cells.
Chemotherapy: Medication is used to kill cancer cells.
Immunotherapy: Stimulates the immune system to attack cancer 
cells.
Bone-directed therapy: Helps to prevent or treat cancer that has 
spread to the bones.
Surgical Treatment for Prostate Cancer
Explanation: Prostate cancer surgery 
involves removing the entire prostate 
gland.
Types of surgical treatment: Open, 
laparoscopic, and robotic-assisted 
laparoscopic radical prostatectomy.
Benefits and risks: Surgery can remove 
cancer, improve quality of life and increase 
survival rates, but there are risks such as 
bleeding, infection and erectile 
dysfunction.
Best doctor for 
prostate cancer-
related treatments 
Dr. Mayur R. Dalvi is a leading Urologist in 
Aurangabad. He has completed his M.B.B.S from 
Government Medical College, Aurangabad, with a 
first-class grade. He completed his post-
graduation- MS, in General Surgery from 
Government Medical College, Aurangabad, and 
M.Ch Urology from Bombay Hospital Institute of 
Medical Sciences, Mumbai.hi