Gynecological Cancer Awareness: Know the Symptoms, Reduce the Risk.
                     Gynecological Cancer Awareness: Know the Symptoms, Reduce the Risk.
Every six minutes, a woman is diagno
sed with gynecological cancer.
When cancer starts in a woman's reproductive 
organs, it is called gynecological cancer.  Ovarian 
cancer is the second most common gynecological 
cancer in India. It is undoubtedly the most 
aggressive and lethal gynecological cancer 
encountered by the oncologists and gynecologists 
in clinical practice, being associated with a high 
disease related mortality rate. This is partly due to 
the fact that most of the patients with ovarian 
cancer are diagnosed in advanced stages 
consequent upon its asymptomatic nature in early 
stages of the disease, and partly because many 
patients do not get optimum treatment of their 
disease, leading to dismal outcomes.
Let us learn symptoms, risk factors and prevention tip
s.
The following types of gynecological cancers are quite common and affect a large number of 
women every year:
1. Uterine cancer:
Uterine cancer is cancer that begins in the uterus and is one of the most common types of 
gynecological cancers. Though it can happen to anyone, some factors which increase the risk of 
uterine cancer are obesity, diabetes, hypertension, use of estrogen without progesterone, etc.
The common endometrial / uterine cancer symptoms are:
•Vaginal bleeding or spotting after menopause.
•Pain in the lower abdomen.
•Bleeding between periods.
•Pain during sexual intercourse.
2. Cervical cancer:
Another very common type of gynecologic cancer is cervical cancer and is one of the leading 
causes of cancer-related deaths in women worldwide. A large number of women in India are 
diagnosed with this cancer every year, and unfortunately, due to lack of awareness and poor 
cancer screening facilities, a majority of women are diagnosed when cancer has reached 
advanced stages. Also, a large number of cervical cancers are caused due to HPV (Human 
Papillomavirus) infection.
Some common cervical cancer symptoms include:
•Vaginal discharge.
•Vaginal odour.
•Bleeding after sexual intercourse.
•Abnormal vaginal bleeding.
Regular cancer screenings and PAP test for HPV detection are important for early detection. If 
diagnosed early, cervical cancer can be treated.
Vaccinating young girls for preventing HPV infection before they are sexually active is a very 
effective way to prevent cervical cancers as well as many other forms of gynecological cancers.
3. Ovarian cancer:
Ovarian cancer is another common gynecological cancer. 
Some common ovarian cancer symptoms are:
•Extreme and sudden onset of bloating.
•Difficulty in eating or loss of appetite.
•Unexplained weight loss.
•Increased frequency or urgency of urination.
•Pain and discomfort in the pelvic or abdominal region.
•Spotting or bleeding between menstrual cycles.
One important point to note about ovarian cancers is that they are quite aggressive and have a 
tendency to recur in an advanced stage. 
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