WAYMO
                     WAYM
O
SUBBMIT TO:- SUBBMITTED BY:-
DINESH
BCA 3RD YEAR
CONTEN
 HISTORY T
 CAR DESIGN
 HOW TO WORK
 TECHNOLOGY
LIDAR
RADAR
ORIENTATION SENSOR
WHEEL HUB SENSOR
 ROAD TESTING
CRASHES
LIMITATIONS 
HISTOR
WYaymo is an autonomous car development company spun out of 
Google's parent company, Alphabet Inc., in December 2016. It then 
took over the self driving car project which Google had begun in 
2009. Alphabet describes Waymo as "a self-driving tech company 
with a mission to make it safe and easy for people and things to 
move around." The new company, which will be headed by long-
time automotive executive John Krafcik , is working towards making 
self-driving cars available to the public soon. Google's self-driving 
car project was formerly led by Sebastian Thrun , former director of 
the Stanford Artificial Intelligence Laboratory and co-inventor of 
Google Street View.
CAR DESIGN

TECHNOLOGYY
Google's robotic cars have about $150,000 in equipment including a 
$70,000 LIDAR system. The range finder mounted on the top is a 
Velodyne 64-beam laser. This laser allows the vehicle to generate a 
detailed 3D map of its environment. The car then takes these 
generated maps and combines them with high-resolution maps of the 
world, producing different types of data models that allow it to drive 
itself. The project team has equipped a number of different types of 
cars with the self-driving equipment, including the Toyota Prius, Audi 
TT, and Lexus RX450h, Google has also developed their own custom 
vehicle, which is assembled by Roush Enterprises and uses equipment 
from Bosch, ZF Lenksysteme, LG, and Continental.
TECHNOLOGY USED IN CAR
 LIDAR
 RADAR
 ORIENTATION SENSOR
 WHEEL HUB SENSOR
LIDAR
LIDAR, Which stand for Light 
Detection and Ranging, is a 
remote sensing method that 
uses lighting the form of a 
pulsed laser to measure 
ranges (variable distance) to 
the Earth
Contt.
LIDAR is surveying method that  measure 
distance to a target by illuminating that 
target with a laser light . The name Lidar, 
something considered an acronym of Light 
Detection And Ranging (sometimes Light 
Imaging, Detection, And Ranging), was 
originally a chest of light and radar. Lidar is 
popularly used to make high-resolution maps, 
with applications in, geomatics, geography, 
geology, forestry, atmospheric physics, laser 
guidance. Lidar sometimes is called laser 
scanning and 3D scanning.
LIDAR 
WORKING
RADAR
Radar is an object-detection system that uses radio waves to 
determine the range, angle, or velocity of objects. It can be 
used to detect aircraft, ships, spacecraft, guided missiles, 
motor vehicles, weather formations, and terrain. A radar 
system consists of a transmitter producing electromagnetic 
waves in the radio or microwaves domain, a transmitting 
antenna, a receiving antenna (often the same antenna is used 
for transmitting and receiving) and a receiver and processor to 
determine properties of the object(s). Radio waves (pulsed or 
continuous) from the transmitter reflect off the object and 
return to the receiver, giving information about the object's 
location and speed
Contt.
RADAR 
SENSOR
ORIENTATION SENSOR
Orientation sensor is also known as Accelerometer sensor. 
Basically
it is detect the small change of the car position.
 In simple terms, Accelerometer is a sensor(Hardware) in your 
vehicles which is Highly accurate can detect small changes in 
the position of your vehicles
  While Orientation sensor & Gravity sensors (Hardware) refers 
to a less accurate accelerometer sensor can detect only when 
major change occurs. As the Orientation sensor & Gravity 
sensors are less accurate, Thats Why cost is low.
ORIENTATION 
SENSOR
WHEEL HUB SENSORS
A wheel speed sensor, also called an "ABS sensor," is part of the Anti-
lock Brake System (ABS). It is located on the tires (near the brake 
rotors for the front tires and in the rear end housing for the rear tires). 
The job of the wheel speed sensor is to constantly monitor and report 
the rotational speed of each tire to the ABS control module. ABS is a 
safety system that prevents your car from skidding or sliding when 
you apply the brakes. When the brake is applied, the ABS control 
module reads the speed data from the speed sensor and sends the 
correct pressure to each wheel to prevent any sliding/skidding (wheels 
locking up).
ROAD TESTING
In 2012, the test group of vehicles included six Toyota 
Prius, an Audi TT, and three Lexus RX450h, each 
accompanied in the driver's seat by one of a dozen 
drivers with unblemished driving records and in the 
passenger seat by one of Google's engineers. By May 
2015, that fleet consisted solely of 23 Lexus SUVs. In 
2016, During testing, the prototypes' speed will not 
exceed 25 mph (40 km/h) and will have safety drivers 
aboard the entire time. As a consequence, one of the 
vehicles was stopped by police for impeding traffic flow
LIMITATION
As of August 28, 2014, according to Computer World Google's self-
driving cars were in fact unable to use about 99% of US roads. As 
of the same date, the latest prototype had not been tested in 
heavy rain or snow due to safety concerns. Because the cars rely 
primarily on pre-programmed route data, they do not obey 
temporary traffic lights and, in some situations, revert to a slower 
"extra cautious" mode in complex unmapped intersections. The 
vehicle has difficulty identifying when objects, such as trash and 
light debris, are harmless, causing the vehicle to veer 
unnecessarily. Additionally, the Lidar technology cannot spot some 
potholes or discern when humans, such as a police officer, are 
signalling the car to stop. Google projects plan on having these 
issues fixed by 2020.