Introduction to Allergic Rhinitis and Immunotherapy in ENT
                     Introduction to Allergic Rhinitis and Immunotherapy in ENT
Introduction to Allergic Rhinitis and Immunotherapy in ENT
Allergic Rhinitis (AR) is a highly prevalent inflammatory condition of the nasal 
mucosa triggered by allergen exposure, leading to symptoms such as sneezing, 
nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, and itching. It is often associated with other allergic 
disorders like asthma and conjunctivitis, significantly affecting the quality of life, 
sleep, and productivity of patients.
Common Triggers:
● Environmental allergens: pollen, dust mites, mold spores, pet dander, and cockroach allergens.
Key Symptoms:
● Sneezing
● Nasal congestion
● Rhinorrhea (runny nose)
● Nasal and ocular itching
Prevalence and Impact:
● Affects approximately 20–30% of the global population.
● Frequently underdiagnosed or mismanaged.
● Leads to reduced quality of life, poor sleep, fatigue, and decreased productivity.
ENT Relevance:
● ENT specialists manage moderate to severe or persistent cases.
● Often seen in patients with recurrent sinusitis, nasal obstruction, or ear-related issues.
Role of Immunotherapy:
● Unlike medications that provide symptomatic relief, immunotherapy modifies the disease course.
● Can be delivered via subcutaneous (SCIT) or sublingual (SLIT) routes.
● Beneficial for patients unresponsive to conventional medical therapy.
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