Pregnancy Complications Related to Gynaecological Disorders
                     Pregnancy Complications Related 
to Gynaecological Disorders
Pregnancy Complications Related to Gynaecological Disorders 
Pregnancy Complications Related to Gynaecological 
Disorders 
Pregnancy is a complex physiological process that requires a finely balanced hormonal and anatomical 
environment to support maternal and fetal well-being. However, the presence of underlying 
gynaecological disorders can significantly complicate this process, posing risks to both the mother and 
the developing fetus. Conditions such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), endometriosis, uterine 
fibroids, congenital uterine anomalies, and pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) are increasingly 
recognized as contributing factors to adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Common Gynaecological Disorders Affecting Pregnancy
a. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
● Hormonal imbalance and insulin resistance.
● Increased risk of miscarriage, gestational diabetes, and preeclampsia.
● Higher incidence of infertility and ovulatory dysfunction.
Endometriosis
● Endometrial tissue grows outside the uterus.
● Can lead to infertility, ectopic pregnancy, and miscarriage.
● Increased risk of preterm labor and placenta previa.
Uterine Fibroids
● Benign smooth muscle tumors of the uterus.
● Can cause miscarriage, preterm birth, and malpresentation.
● May lead to obstructed labor and increased cesarean delivery rates.
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
● Inflammation and scarring of reproductive organs due to infection.
● Leads to infertility, ectopic pregnancy, and miscarriage.
● May cause chronic pelvic pain and poor pregnancy outcomes.
Common Pregnancy Complications Due to Gynaecological Disorders
● Miscarriage/Recurrent Pregnancy Loss
● Ectopic Pregnancy
● Preterm Labor
● Placental Abruption or Previa
● Gestational Diabetes and Hypertension
● Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR)
● Infertility/Subfertility
 Diagnostic Tools
● Ultrasound: To detect fibroids, uterine anomalies, and monitor fetal growth.
● Laparoscopy/Hysteroscopy: For diagnosis and treatment of endometriosis and anomalies.
● Hormonal Assays: For PCOS and endocrine evaluation.
● Pap Smear and Cultures: To screen for infections contributing to PID.
Conclusion
● Gynaecological disorders can significantly complicate pregnancy outcomes.
● Multidisciplinary care involving obstetricians, gynecologists, and endocrinologists is essential.
● Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment improve both fertility and pregnancy success rates.
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