Cybersecurity Interview Questions_Part1
                     TOP
CYBER
SECURITY
INTERVIEW QUESTIONS
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Interview
Questions
1 What exactly is Cybersecurity?
Cybersecurity is concerned with preventing hackers from 
accessing electronic data on websites, networks, or
devices. Cybersecurity experts assist in maintaining data 
security and accessibility through cutting-edge
technology and complex procedures.
2 Which skills are necessary for a Cybersecurityprofessional?
Understanding network and endpoint threat mitigation 
are two essential skills for Cybersecurity professionals. A 
Cybersecurity professional must understand computer 
networks and cloud server security.
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3 Define hacker?
An individual who violates a computer system is known 
as a hacker. Hacking can be done for various objectives, 
such as installing malware, stealing or destroying data, 
disrupting services, etc.
4 What is Cryptography?
Cryptography” comes from the Greek word kryptos, 
which means hidden. The study of secure
communication methods, such as encryption, which
restrict access to message contents to the sender and 
intended receiver, is known as cryptography.
5 What’s the most common type of Cyberattack?
A phishing attack is the most common Cyberattack
because it is simple to execute and surprisingly powerful.
6 What is a three-way handshake?
A three-way handshake (also known as TCP-3way
handshake) is a mechanism to establish a connection 
between the client and server over a transmission control 
protocol/ internet protocol (TCP/IP) network. In this
mechanism, the client and server send each other the 
synchronization and acknowledgment packets before an 
actual data transmission occurs.
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7 Define a firewall?
A firewall is a program that filters both incoming and
outgoing traffic networks according to a set of user-
defined rules. A firewall’s general goal is to lessen or 
completely stop undesirable network communications 
while enabling all lawful communication to proceed 
without interruption.
8 How do you configure a firewall?
A phishing attack is the most common Cyberattack
because it is simple to execute and surprisingly powerful.
Username/password
Change a firewall device’s default password.
Remote management
Disable the remote administration feature.
Configuration
Configure correct port forwarding for some applications, 
such as a web server or FTP server, to function effectively.
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Server for DHCP
 In the absence of disabling the firewall’s DHCP, installing 
a firewall on a network with a DHCP server will cause a 
conflict.
Logging
Ensure logging is enabled and learn how to view logs to 
fix firewall problems or potential assaults.
Policies
 Ensure the firewall is set up to enforce sound security 
regulations. You should also have strong security policies.
9 What function do antivirus sensor systemsserve?
Antivirus software detects, stops and removes viruses 
from a computer. After installation, most antivirus
programs run in the background to provide real-time 
protection against Cyberattacks.
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10 What is security auditing?
Security auditing is considered one of the most effective 
ways to keep a system’s integrity. Establishing the proper 
level of auditing for your environment should be a
component of the overall security plan.
11 How do encryption and hashing differ?
The purpose of hashing and encryption are distinct. While 
hashing is a one-way procedure that converts data into 
the message digest, which is irreversible, encryption 
comprises both the encryption and decryption process.
12 Define a VPN?
A virtual private network, or VPN, is a service that aids in 
maintaining your online privacy. A VPN connects your 
computer to the Internet in a secure, encrypted manner, 
by creating a secure, encrypted tunnel for your data and 
conversations while you use public networks.
13 What are the possible response codes froma web application?
1xx – Informational responses
2xx – Success
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3xx – Redirection
4xx – Client-side error
5xx – Server-side error
14 What is data leakage?
Data leakage is the unauthorized transfer of information 
from an organization to an outside source via Hard Discs, 
USB storage devices, mobile phones, and other devices. 
This data may be physically or electronically leaked; it 
refers to the exposure or transmission of an
organization’s sensitive data to the external recipient.
15 What is SSL, and why is it important?
SSL is a data encryption protocol that enables secure 
communication between a web server and a web 
browser. Businesses and organizations must add SSL
certificates to their websites to secure online transactions 
and protect client information.
16 Explain Two-factor Authentication withan example?
The second layer of security is added to your online
accounts by two-factor authentication (2FA). For account
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access, you need more than just your username and 
password; you also need access to something yours to 
obtain the additional log in credential.
Example-Using two different factors like a
password and a one-time password (OTP)
sent to a mobile phone via SMS is two-factor
authentication.
17 What is a Cross-Site Scripting XSS attack?
Cross-site scripting (XSS) attack is something in which an 
attacker inserts harmful executable scripts into the 
source code of a reliable website or application.
Attackers frequently start an XSS attack by giving users a 
malicious link and convincing them to click it.
18 How can identity theft be prevented?
Use cryptic language.
You might also give free online tools an attempt to
generate passwords almost impossible to crack.
Make sure all your passwords contain a combination of 
capital and lowercase letters, numbers, and other
symbols like hyphens or punctuation marks.
Never use the same password twice.
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access, you need more than just your username and 
password; you also need access to something yours to 
obtain the additional log in credential.
Example-Using two different factors like a
password and a one-time password (OTP)
sent to a mobile phone via SMS is two-factor
authentication.
19 How to Identify a DDoS Attack?
A website or program abruptly slowing down or failing to 
function is the most noticeable sign of a DDoS attack. 
However, other variables, such as increases in genuine 
traffic, problems with the hardware infrastructure, and a 
host of others, can also lead to the same issues.
20 Describe a botnet?
A computer network that has malware infections and is 
managed by a bot herder is referred to as a botnet. The 
individual who works the botnet infrastructure is known as 
the “bot herder.” A bot is any solitary device part of a 
botnet network.
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21 What is ethical hacking?
Ethical hacking is a lawful effort to gain unauthorized 
access to a computer system, application, or data. To 
carry out ethical hacks, copies of malicious attackers’ 
tactics and actions are used.
22 What is the difference between Symmetricand Asymmetric encryption?
Symmetric Key Encryption
Encryption changes a message’s format so no one can 
read it. The message is encrypted using a key in
symmetric-key encryption, and the same key is also used 
to decrypt the message, making it simple to use but less 
secure. A secure way must be used to pass the key from 
one party to another.
Asymmetric Key Encryption
Public and private essential encryption techniques are the 
foundation of asymmetric key encryption. The
communication is encrypted and decrypted using two
distinct keys. Although slower, it is more secure than
symmetric key encryption.
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23 What is a CIA triad?
The CIA (confidentiality, integrity, and availability) triangle 
is a methodology for handling information security rules 
inside an organization.
Confidentiality
A set of regulations restricting access to information is 
known as confidentiality.
Integrity
This guarantees the accuracy and dependability of the
information.
Accessibility
It gives authorized users reliable access to data.
24 How does Traceroute work?
A Traceroute operates by transmitting Internet Control 
Message Protocol (ICMP) packets, which are received by 
every router involved in the data flow. The ICMP packets 
reveal if the routers utilized for the transmission can
successfully transfer the data.
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25 What is Port Scanning?
A port scan attack can be used by cybercriminals to 
identify open ports and determine whether they accept 
or reject data. It can also reveal whether a company
employs firewalls or other active security measures.
The response that hackers get from a port when they 
send a message to it tells them whether the port is in use 
and whether it has any vulnerabilities that might be
exploited.
Using the port scanning technique, businesses can also 
send packets to particular ports and examine the
responses for potential vulnerabilities. To maintain the 
security of their network and systems, they can utilize 
tools like IP scanning, network mapper (Nmap), and 
Netcat.
Port scanning can provide information such as:
Services that are running
Users who own services
Whether anonymous logins are allowed
Which network services require authentication
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