Data and its types
                     Data and its types
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What is Data?
Data is unique pieces of information typically formatted in a specific manner. Data is 
measured, gathered, reported, and evaluated before being visualized with graphs, 
pictures, or other analysis tools. Data in its purest form before being cleaned and 
rectified by scientists is called raw data, which can be a collection of numbers or 
characters.
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Types of Data
Primary Data
Data collected by the scientist, such as surveys, interviews, and tests, are specifically 
meant to help the researchers understand and solve the study topic, which is primary 
data.
Secondary Data
As part of organizational record-keeping, data created by massive government 
institutions, healthcare facilities, and so on are secondary data. The information is then 
pulled from a variety of data files.
Cross-Sectional Data
A cross-sectional data set is a piece of information gathered by monitoring multiple 
topics simultaneously (firms, countries, regions, and individuals). A cross-sectional data 
set is evaluated by comparing variations between subjects.
Categorical Data
Categorical data is a type of qualitative data that can be categorized rather than 
quantified numerically.
Time-series Data
A time-series data is a collection of information that associates a period with each value. 
The value can be almost anything quantifiable that is time-dependent, such as pricing, 
humidity, or the number of individuals.
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Spatial Data
Spatial data is the kind of data that refers to a particular geographical area or location, 
either directly or indirectly. Spatial data, also known as geospatial or geographic 
information, can quantitatively represent a physical item in a geographic reference 
frame.
Ordered Data
Ordinal data is a sort of quantitative statistical data in which variables are organized into 
naturally occurring groups.
There are some measuring scales that are available after gathering all data types, 
including:
1.Nominal: A nominal scale divides data into numerous separate groups without 
specifying a ranking system.
2.Ordered: An ordinal scale divides data into distinct types and assigns a ranking to 
each category.
3.Interval: An interval scale is a type of ordered scale in which the difference between 
measurements is significant, yet there is no actual zero point.
4.Ratio: A ratio scale is an ordered scale in which the difference between the 
measurements is a meaningful amount, and the measurements have a valid zero point.
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