temperature mapping study and protocol procedure 
                     DETAILED PROCEDURE 
AND  GUIDELINES
ON
TEMPERATURE 
MAPPING  STUDY & 
QUALIFICATION  OF
COLD ROOMS,  
WAREHOUSES, VANS,  
TRUCKS, REEFERS,  
REFRIGERATORS & 
BOXES
FOR
PHARMACEUTIC
AL  INDUSTRY
Vacker LLC l PO Box 92438 l Dubai l UAE Part of VackerGlobal 
Phone : (+971) 4 2 66 11 44 l Fax : (+971) 4 2 66 Group  Our offices : UAE (Corp. Office), India, Oman , 
11 55 Kuwait, USA
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.    Temperature Mapping Study / Temperature & Humidity Mapping 
study...................................3
1.1.1. Why would you require Temperature Mapping Study (aka Temperature Distribution 
study)?.....3  1.1.2. How do we carry out temperature mapping 
study?.................................................................4  1.2.  What is temperature and humidity 
mapping study? ................................................................5
1. Do you require a temperature mapping or temperature & humidity 
mapping?..........................5
2. What is the recommended humidity level for storage of 
medicines? ........................................5
3. How to reduce the humidity for cold rooms and warehouses for medicine 
storage?..................5
1.3. Documentation required prior to commencement of a mapping 
study......................................6  1.4. Acceptance criteria for the mapping 
study?............................................................................6
1.5. How to decide the sampling interval of data collection for the mapping 
study ..........................6  1.6. How to use the results of temperature mapping 
study ............................................................7
1.7. Temperature mapping study / Temperature & Humidity mapping study for various 
assets ........7  1.7.1. Temperature mapping study of Reefer trucks & 
vans..............................................................7
1.7.2. Temperature mapping study of a ware 
house ........................................................................8
1.7.3. Temperature mapping study of Cold 
room .............................................................................8
1.7.4. Temperature mapping study of a 
refrigerator.........................................................................8
1.7.5. Temperature mapping study of a shipping 
box.......................................................................8
1.8. Reports generated in Temperature Mapping 
study .................................................................9
2. What is Temperature Qualification study? (or Temperature & Humidity Qualification 
study) ......9
1. Difference between Temperature mapping study and Temperature qualification study 
...........10
2. How to decide whether you need Temperature Mapping study or Temperature 
Qualification  Study? 10
3. ... Do you require a Temperature qualification study or Temperature and humidity 
qualification?
.............................................................................................................................................. 
Vacker1 L0LC l PO Box 92438 l Dubai l UAE Part of VackerGlobal 
Phone :4 (+. 971) A4 d2v 6a6n 1t1a g44e s l Faoxf :  (+a9 71)T e4 m2 6p6e rature qualificatioGnr oups t Ouudry o fficoevs e: rU AE a(C orpm. Oaffippcein),g In dia, Oman , 
11 55
email:sales.uae@stvuadcyke .r.g.l.o..b.a..l..c..o.m...................10
Kuwait, USA
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5.Documentation required prior to commencement of a qualification ww
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process ...........................11  2.6.  Reports of a Temperature qualification v
a
study .......................................................................11  3. Reasons for failure of a Mapping c
k
study ................................................................................11 e
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3.1.  Reasons for failure of mapping study of a gl
van......................................................................11 o
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3.2.  Reasons for failure of mapping study of a cold a
l
room ............................................................12 .
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3.3. Reasons for failure of mapping study of a Ware o
house .........................................................12 m
3.4. What is the validity period of a temperature 
mapping study and temperature qualification  
study? 13
4. How to improve the results of the test and eliminate chances of 
failure? ...............................13  4.1. Advantages of a trial 
study .................................................................................................13
4.2. How to carry out a trial 
study? ............................................................................................14
5. Documents related to Mapping study & 
Qualification ............................................................14
Vacker LLC l PO Box 92438 l Dubai l UAE Part of VackerGlobal 
Phone : (+971) 4 2 66 11 44 l Fax : (+971) 4 2 66 Group  Our offices : UAE (Corp. Office), India, Oman , 
11 55 Kuwait, USA
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Temperature mapping study and Temperature qualification study are carried out 
generally in  pharmaceutical industry. There are different kind of medicines and 
vaccines which need to  be stored and transported at certain temperatures. 
Majority of these medicines and vaccines  are under two categories viz. Those to 
be stored between 2 to 8 Degree Centigrade and  those to be stored between 15 
to 25°C.
It is important for the efficacy of the medicine 
that the  same be stored and transported at the 
recommended  temperature limits as above. If 
the medicine or vaccine  goes above these 
temperature limits, the medicinal  properties will 
be gradually lost and most importantly  the 
products will not show any indication that it has  
been compromised. In such case the ultimate 
distributor  and user will be unaware of the 
efficacy of the medicine.
The storage is done in warehouses, cold rooms 
or  refrigerators and transportation is carried 
out in boxes,  vans, reefers and containers.
The whole set of study is carried out to analyze the temperature distribution in a 
warehouse,  cold room, refrigerator, van or reefer trucks to find out whether the 
temperature inside such  facility is always maintained between the desired 
temperature.
1. Temperature Mapping Study / Temperature & Humidity 
Mapping  study
This article brief about mapping study for Temperature & Humidity
1. Temperature Mapping Study / Temperature distribution 
analysis
Firstly we will explain about temperature mapping study and 
thereafter about  temperature & humidity distribution.
1. Why would you require Temperature Mapping 
Study  (aka Temperature Distribution study)?
If you are involved in manufacturing, transportation, storage or distribution of 
medicines and  vaccines, you will be interested to know more about 
temperature mapping study. In all  these cases your medicine is kept inside an 
enclosed area such as a warehouse, cold room,  temperature controlled van, 
reefer truck, refrigerator, insulated boxes etc.
Vacker LLC l PO Box 92438 l Dubai l UAE Part of VackerGlobal 
Phone : (+971) 4 2 66 11 44 l Fax : (+971) 4 2 66 Group  Our offices : UAE (Corp. Office), India, Oman , 
11 55 Kuwait, USA
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In such cases you need to ensure that the temperature inside the enclosed 
area is within  the desired limits. eg. If you want to keep the medicine between 2 
to 8 °C and you are  keeping inside a cold room, how do you ensure that all
the entire cold room is between these 
temperature  limits? You might be keeping the 
medicine at one shelf
inside the cold room. You will not have any idea  
whether this particular place is within the limits.  
Generally you will have an indicator connected to 
the  cooling unit to display the current 
temperature. This  display picks up the 
temperature just from one sensor  placed at a 
certain location near the duct opening of the  
cooling unit, based on which the cooling unit has 
its  switch ON and OFF cycles. This might be 
indicating a
temperature between 2 and 8 °C. Most of us tend to believe that this displayed 
temperature  is the temperature across the entire cold room.
However how about various shelves and corners of the cold room where you are 
keeping  your medicines which are far away from this particular sensor?
How does a third party like an auditor can check whether the entire cold room is 
under  correct temperature?
How can you ensure that the display at the front door is exact in relation with the  
corresponding sensor?
How do you know about the variations when a door is opened? The sensor 
might be far  away from the door and hence may not reflect any variation. 
However it really happens that  the area near the door suddenly goes above 8°C.
All these doubts can be clarified only through a temperature mapping study.
1.1.2. How do we carry out temperature mapping 
study?
In principle a temperature mapping study involves recording the temperature of 
the cold  compartment under various conditions. The data will be recorded for 
days or weeks as per  the nature of the asset. Numerous temperature data 
loggers will be placed inside the testing  area at various heights and data will be 
continuously recorded. Depending on the nature of  the property, the following 
conditions will be tested:
a. Testing under empty conditions to analyze the distribution of 
temperature when  there are no loads in the area.
b. Testing under 60% loaded condition to analyze the distribution when 
the area is  loaded up to 60% of full capacity.
c. Testing under 100% loaded condition to analyze the distribution when 
the area is
loaded in full capacity.
d. Door opening test to understand the effects on temperature during and 
after a door  opening.
Vacker LeL.C lP PoOw Beorx  9fa24il3u8r el D tuebsait  l toUA aEnalyze the effects in the event of a power failPuarrte o.f VackerGlobal 
Phone : (+971) 4 2 66 11 44 l Fax : (+971) 4 2 66 Group  Our offices : UAE (Corp. Office), India, Oman , 
11 55 f. Startup test to check the time required for stKaubwialiitz, iUnSgA of the temperature 
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2. What is temperature and humidity mapping study?
The methodology is same as a temperature mapping study. However in this case 
humidity  also will be recorded for the same duration and will be analyzed. If 
there are dehumidifiers  already installed, the settings of the same also will be 
recorded to compare against the  actual results. Nowadays for many of the 
storage areas, humidity also is important and  hence need to be included in the 
study.
1. Do you require a temperature mapping or 
temperature &  humidity mapping?
As mentioned earlier, this need to be decided by the manufacturer of the 
medicines or as  per your internal quality policy. For a warehouse,
generally it is preferred that humidity also be included in
the study because a warehouse is directly 
affected by  the external ambient conditions. For 
a cold room the  humidity can go to extreme high 
levels of up to 100%  because of its nature of 
operation.  Generally the door  of the cold room 
opens to a warehouse which is at a  higher 
temperature. Since the cold room is at a lower  
temperature, it will attract the moisture and 
hence will  always have a higher humidity. Hence 
irrespective of the
medicine being kept in the cold room, it is ideal that the cold room be analyzed 
for humidity  as well. However this can be decided by you and your pharma 
manufacturer.
We recommend that for warehouses and cold rooms temperature and humidity 
mapping  study need to be carried out. For vans, reefers, refrigerators and boxes, 
only temperature  mapping study might be sufficient unless otherwise specified.
2. What is the recommended humidity level for 
storage of  medicines?
This generally depends on the type of medicine and the packaging being kept in 
the storage  area either for cold room or warehouse. Hence this is generally 
recommended by the  medicine manufacturers. Generally most of the 
manufacturers are recommending that the  humidity should be maintained under 
a maximum limit of 65% under all conditions.
3. How to reduce the humidity for cold rooms 
and  warehouses for medicine storage?
Humidity can be reduced mainly utilizing 
dehumidifiers.  These are electrical devices which 
absorb humidity from  the air and convert it into 
water. The water thus  extracted can be removed 
either manually or  automatically. In the 
automatic method there is a water  pump 
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Phonwe a: (t+e9r7 1to) 4 a 2n 6 6e 1x1t e4r4n al lF aoxu : t(l+e9t.7 1In) 4 t 2h 6e6  manual method Group  Our offices : UAE (Corp. Office), India, Oman , 
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In order to decide the number and type dehumidifiers, special calculations 
need to be  carried out considering the present temperature, humidity, desired 
humidity etc.
Generally for ware houses, desiccant type and for cold rooms, rotary type 
dehumidifiers  have to be used.
1.3. Documentation required prior to 
commencement of a  mapping study
The customer has to provide the layout drawing of the asset including details 
and locations  of cooling units and dehumidifiers if any.
Based on these documents a protocol will be prepared by us which has to be 
reviewed and  approved by the customer.
The tests will be carried out by us based on this protocol prior to 
commencement of the  temperature mapping study.
1.4 Acceptance criteria for the mapping 
. study?
The results of the distribution study will be either pass or fail. Also it can be fail or 
pass with  some deviations. The criteria for acceptance of the study will be 
defined in the protocol and  typical ones are as under:
a. All readings of the data loggers should be within the desired limits of 
temperature &  humidity
b. Mean Kinetic value should be within desired limits (We do not encourage 
this criteria  unless insisted by the client. However we will indicate the 
value in our reports)
c. During door opening tests, the values should be within limits and should 
return to  normalcy within the desired duration as defined in the protocol.
1.5 How to decide the sampling interval of data 
. for thceo lmleacptipoinng study
Sampling interval is the frequency of data 
recording of  the data loggers. Generally the data 
loggers can be  programmed to record the data at 
different intervals  such as 10seconds, 30 
seconds, 1 minute etc. If the  sampling interval of 
a temperature data logger is  programmed for 5 
minutes it means that the  temperature is 
recorded every 5 minutes.
Sampling interval of data collection should be 
kept  ideally as follows for a temperature 
mapap. in3g m stinuudtye:s for 2-8 °C assets such as cold rooms, vehicles, boxes, 
refrigerators etc.
b. 5 minutes for 15-25°C vehicles.
c. 10-15 minutes for warehouses maintained at 15-25 °C
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This is mainly based on the goods to be stored inside the asset. Eg. If a medicine 
which  should not go above 8°C for 2 minutes is stored inside a refrigerator, it 
means that you  should keep a sampling interval of at least 1 minute. For a 
medicine which is permitted to go  above 8°C for 10 minutes, a sampling interval 
of 3 minutes is sufficient.
This also depends on the range of the temperature. 2-8 °C is a very narrow 
range and can  go above this range even for minor fluctuations. Hence ideally a 
sampling interval should not  be more than 3 minutes.
For a warehouse, 15-25 °C is a wider range and the rise in temperature will be 
slow. Hence  a sampling interval of 10 minutes is sufficient.
1.6. How to use the results of temperature 
mapping study
From the summary of the reports of a temperature mapping study, the following 
details will  be useful for your practical applications
1. When you decide to place monitoring 
devices  such as data loggers or real time 
monitoring  devices, those should be 
placed in Hot and cold  points. Hot and cold 
points will be mentioned in  our reports.
2. The report will indicate the duration within 
which  the temperature will exceed the 
permitted levels  upon door opening. eg. if 
such duration is 5  minutes, you should 
take care that the door  opening should be 
for a very short duration.
3. The report will indicate the duration within 
which
the temperature will exceed the permitted 
levels in the event of power failure. So in
case of a power failure, you should not open the door and should be in 
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the medicines should be shifted  to an alternate facility such as a 
temperature controlled van or reefer.
Brief details of the study for various kind of assets are detailed hereunder
1.7.1. Temperature mapping study of Reefer trucks 
& vans
For all type of vehicles, primarily the following tests are carried out:
a. Distribution analysis under empty conditions (24 hours)
b. Distribution analysis under 60% loaded conditions (24 hours)
c. Distribution analysis under full load conditions (24 hours)
d. Power failure test
Vacker LLC l PO Box 92438 l Dubai l UAE Part of VackerGlobal 
Phone : (+971) 4 2 66 11 44 l Fax : (+971) 4 2 66 Group  Our offices : UAE (Corp. Office), India, Oman , 
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e. Door opening test
The percentage loading can be decided by the client as per his usual loading 
pattern.
1.7.2. Temperature mapping study of a ware house
For a warehouse the following tests are carried out as part of a temperature 
mapping study
a. Temperature and humidity distribution analysis is carried out under 
loaded  conditions.
b. Door opening tests to analyze the effects
For an existing warehouse it will be difficult to carry out other tests such as 
empty test,  power failure test etc. since it may be difficult to remove the existing 
goods form the  warehouse. For a warehouse the distribution analysis is carried 
typically for 7-14 days. The  tests should also include holidays so that the 
patterns can be analyzed.
Sampling interval of data collection should be kept ideally at 10-15 minutes.
1.7.3. Temperature mapping study of Cold room
For all type of cold rooms, primarily the 
following tests  are carried out:
c. Distribution analysis under empty 
conditions (24  hours)
d. Distribution analysis under 60%
loaded  conditions (24 hours)
e. Distribution analysis under full load 
conditions
(24 hours)
d. Power failure test
e. Door opening test
The percentage loading can be decided by the client as per his usual loading 
pattern.  Sampling interval will be generally kept at 3 minutes.
1.7.4. Temperature mapping study of a refrigerator
For refrigerators, primarily the following tests are carried out:
f. Distribution analysis under empty conditions (24 hours)
g. Distribution analysis under 60% loaded conditions (24 hours)
h. Power failure test
i. Door opening test (for different durations such as 60 seconds, 120 
seconds, 180  seconds etc., since for a refrigerator the door opening will 
be more frequent
compared to other assets)
The percentage loading can be decided by the client as per his usual loading 
pattern.  Sampling interval will be generally kept at 1-2 minutes.
1.7.5. Temperature mapping study of a shipping box
VackFeor rL LsC l PO Box 92438Phone : (+9h7i1p) p4i 2n g66  b1o1 x4,4  t
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Part of VackerGlobal 
 Group  Our offices : UAE (Corp. Office), India, Oman , 
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email:saleas.. uaDe@isvtarcikbeurgtlioobnal .aconmalysis under empty conditions (24 hours) w
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b. Distribution analysis under 60% loaded conditions (24 hours)
c. Power failure test (for active cooling boxes)
d. Door opening test
e. For active boxes, the tests will be conducted inside a van as well as 
inside a  warehouse
The percentage loading can be decided by the client as per his usual loading 
pattern.  Sampling interval will be generally kept at 3 minutes.
1.8. Reports generated in Temperature Mapping study
The reports of a mapping study will include the following details:
f. Temperature distribution – Pass /Fail
g. Humidity distribution – Pass /Fail
h. Hot and cold points of the asset. These will 
be  the hottest and coldest points of the 
area. Data  loggers need to be placed in 
these areas
i. Analytical graphs for all the tests
j. Any recommendations for improvement
k. Time taken to reach the desired 
temperature  after start up
l. Duration for which the temperature 
remains  within the limits after a power 
failure
m. Duration within which the temperature 
exceeds the limits during a door opening
2. What is Temperature Qualification study? (or 
Temperature &  Humidity Qualification study)
Temperature qualification study is a very detailed sequence of tests and analysis 
to ensure  that the asset is designed and installed in such a way that it is capable 
of maintaining the  desired temperature. After these series of test and verification 
the asset is certified to be  qualified for achieving and maintaining the desired 
levels of temperature and humidity  levels. The various tests covered under the 
qualification process in general are as under:
n. Design qualification process – to verify the equipment are designed to 
generate the  desired temperature and humidity conditions
o. Installation qualification process – To verify whether the installation is 
carried out as  per the design and as per the installation procedures 
recommended by the
respective manufacturers of critical equipment.
c. Operation qualification process – To verify that the operations are carried 
out as per  the recommended procedures of the manufacturers of the 
critical equipment
d. Document verification – To verify whether all documents are maintained 
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11 55 e. Temperature mapping study (and Humidity ifK urweaqitu, iUrSeAd) – This test is 
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2.1 Difference between Temperature mapping 
. Tempsetruadtyu raen qdualification study
In a temperature mapping study, only distribution 
of  temperature & humidity are analyzed. This 
study makes  sure that the distribution is always 
within the permitted  range of temperature and 
humidity as applicable.  However the mapping 
study does not check various  criteria such as SOP, 
whether installation has been done  correctly, 
whether the machines are working as per the  
design, whether written procedures are 
maintained,  whether these written procedures are 
sufficient etc. All  such parameters are covered in 
a temperature  qualification study.
A temperature qualification study incudes mapping 
study, but not vice versa.
2. How to decide whether you need Temperature 
Mapping  study or Temperature Qualification Study?
If you want to check only distribution of temperature & humidity, a mapping study 
is  sufficient. If you want to check whether the whole asset is designed, installed 
and operated  correctly, it is desirable to carry out a temperature qualification 
study.
A qualification study is considered to more of international acceptance. An 
auditor from  another part of the world may not be familiar with various 
installation and operational  parameters of the asset. If an asset is qualified the 
asset is considered to be a fully  satisfactory system.
3. Do you require a Temperature qualification study 
or  Temperature and humidity qualification?
Please see our explanation for similar query under temperature mapping 
study.
If your major parameter is only temperature, they you may limit to a temperature 
 qualification study. If you also require humidity, a temperature & humidity 
2.4 Advantages of a Temperature qualification study 
qualification  study will be required.
. mappoivnegr  satudy
The temperature qualification study is considered more of international 
acceptance. So if  your clients and suppliers are from various countries it is 
preferred to have a qualification  process done. As an example each country has 
their own type of design, installation and  operation procedures for a cold room. 
Hence your client from another country may not be  familiar with such 
parameters in your country. If a temperature qualification study is carried  out on 
this cold room, the client need not check any details at all since the cold room is 
fully  qualified to ensure full compliance to keep a temperature between 2-8°C
Vacker LLC l PO Box 92438 l Dubai l UAE Part of VackerGlobal 
Phone : (+971) 4 2 66 11 44 l Fax : (+971) 4 2 66 Group  Our offices : UAE (Corp. Office), India, Oman , 
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2.5 Documentation required prior to 
. qualicfiocmatmioenn pcreomcensst of a
Prior to commencement of a temperature qualification study, we require 
the following  document/details from the customer.
a. The customer has to provide the layout drawing of the asset
b. All details of cooling units such as sl. nos., details of sensors, operation 
manuals,  design drawings etc. have to be provided.
c. Similar details of dehumidifiers also have to be provided.
d. All details of temperature monitoring systems (if any) to be provided.
Based on these documents a protocol will be prepared by us which has to be 
reviewed and  approved by the customer.
The tests will be carried out by us based on this protocol.
2.6.    Reports of a Temperature qualification study
The reports of a temperature qualification 
study will  contain the following details in 
general. Please note  these may vary 
depending on the nature of the  asset.
e. Design qualification process – Pass or 
Fail
f. Installation qualification process – Pass 
or  Fail
g. Operation qualification process – Pass or 
Fail
h. Document verification – Pass or Fail
i. Empty mapping study – Pass or Fail
j. Loaded mapping study – Pass or Fail
k. Power failure test results
l. Recovery test results
m. Start up test results
n. Hot and cold points
o. Deviation if any
p. Recommendations
q. Corrective actions
If all the above tests are passed satisfactorily during the temperature qualification 
study, we  issue a certificate indicating that the asset is fully qualified. The details 
of the asset will be  indicated in the certificate.
3. Reasons for failure of a Mapping study
Common reasons for failure of a temperature mapping study or a humidity 
mapping study  are listed here:
1. Reasons for failure of mapping study of a van
We are mentioning of small and medium sized vans. There are many reasons for 
failure of  these vehicles during a temperature mapping study and temperature 
qualification. The main  ones are listed here:
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a. The temperature shown in the display unit of the cooling unit may not be 
matching  with actual inside temperature. Probably the sensor is reading is 
not correct. This can  happen for many reasons. Over a period of time the 
accuracy of the sensor may be  lost. Eg. the display unit might be showing 
5°C and the driver will be confident that  the cold cabin is at 5°C. However 
it is possible that the inside temperature is at 7°C.  In order to avoid such 
a situation place a data logger next to the sensor of the  cooling unit and 
record for few hours. Set the cooling unit at desired temperature.  After 
couple of hours download the data and analyze. The graph will be in  
continuous up and down cycles. Check the highest and lowest temperature 
of these  cycles. If these values are close to the set point, it means that the 
sensor and display  unit are working correctly. Eg. if the set point is 5°C, the 
highest and lowest readings  should be 7°C & 4°C. (This varies based on 
the type of cooling unit, programmed  setting of upper and lower cut off 
limits etc. However this will give an indication  about correlation of the 
displayed temperature and actual sensor temperature.
b. Temperature goes to extreme low and high points at all cycles. Eg. The 
set point is
5°C. However the temperature goes regularly to 9°C and 3°C regularly. 
This  happened because the cooling unit is programmed accordingly. ie. It 
has a high cut  off at 4°C above the set point and low cut off of 2°C below 
the set point. This can be  programmed for 2°C for both high and low cut 
off points. Thereafter the higher &  lower cut off will be 7 & 3°C 
respectively. (This feature is based on the manufacturer  and models of the 
cooling unit)
c. Temperature on one end of the vehicle goes beyond limits. This happens 
mainly in
vehicles which has one cooling unit and having fan only at one end. It 
is possible  that the other end of the cold cabin is not properly receiving 
the air. If the fan unit is  not producing strong air flow it may happen. 
Otherwise air flow ducts will have to be  provided from the cooling unit to 
the other end of the cooled cabin. Thus the air will  be divided through 
multiple ducts and distributed at front and rear end of the  vehicle.
d. Temperature goes high at certain points during loaded test. This may 
happen mainly  due to limited air flow. During a loaded test (and during 
actual loaded conditions),
goods should not be placed directly in front of the air flow. Also sufficient 
space  should be left on all sides and on the top for efficient air flow.
2. Reasons for failure of mapping study of a cold 
room
General reasons for failure of a cold room are as under:
The display unit fixed at the outside of the cold room may not be 
displaying the  correct temperature of the cold room.
The loading and distribution of the shelves may not be uniform thus 
hindering proper
airflow
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3. Reasons for failure of mapping study of a Ware v
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For warehouses the most common reasons for failure are:
a. The number of cooling units or the capacity of the cooling units may not be 
sufficient
b. The location of the ducts may not be proper
c. Humidity may be higher than desired levels
3.4. What is the validity period of a temperature 
mapping  study and temperature qualification 
study?
There are no general rules applicable for the same. However for a new facility we 
suggest  that the study report can be considered valid for a period of 3 years.
If any modifications are carried out related to shape and layout of the asset, 
modification or  replacement of cooling units, rearrangement of racks etc., the 
original report cannot be  considered valid. The reasoning is that any of these 
changes will affect the distribution of  temperature and humidity.
4. How to improve the results of the test and eliminate 
chances of  failure?
It is ideal that before carrying out the actual study, you may carry out a trial study 
with few  number of data loggers to analyze the data. This trial study will help you 
to evaluate major  problems if any. For all contracts being undertaken by us, we 
carry out a trial study before  commencement of the actual test. This will save 
valuable time and money for the customer.
1. Advantages of a trial study
Major advantage of conducting a trial study are:
a. Saving time and money – After conducting a full test you may end up with 
some  deviations. In such case you will have to carry out a retest after 
undertaking the  corrective actions. By this time you may be in the 
midst of a climate change and  hence will have to wait for the next 
season. If a trial study is planned properly, this  can be avoided.
b. Correct settings for cooling units – sometimes just by changing the settings 
of the  cooling units you may have better results. You may not have noticed 
this so far  because your current recording devices were not placed at the 
correct hot and cold  points.
c. Requirement of dehumidifier – In many cases humidity distribution was 
not properly
analyzed and hence may require installation of dehumidifiers. This is a 
process  involving time and money and hence if understood at the proper 
Vacker LLC ls PtaOg Beox,  9s2u4i3t8a bl Dleu b ai cl tUioAnEs can be undertaken. Part of VackerGlobal 
Phone : (+971) 4 2 66 11 44 l Fax : (+971) 4 2 66 Group  Our offices : UAE (Corp. Office), India, Oman , 
11 55 Kuwait, USA
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4.2.    How to carry out a trial study?
Before commencing the actual tests, we will sent you some data loggers for 
placing at  certain locations as per the drawings. The data need to be collected 
for a certain duration  and the data loggers have to be returned. We will analyze 
the data and will provide suitable  recommendations. Generally we include one 
trial study in our scope to assist customers (To  be finalized at the time of 
finalizing the order)
5. Documents related to Mapping study & Qualification
a. Case study of a temperature qualification study on a cold room
b. Protocol / SOP for Temperature qualification study of cold room
c. Protocol / SOP for Temperature mapping study of warehouse
NB: For ease of understanding, we generally mentioned about temperature 
throughout the  article. However all mentions about Temperature mapping study 
are equally applicable for  Temperature & Humidity mapping as well. Similarly all 
mentions of a Temperature  qualification study are equally applicable for 
Temperature & Humidity qualification study.
Also temperature mapping study is known as Temperature distribution analysis.
Vacker LLC l PO Box 92438 l Dubai l UAE Part of VackerGlobal 
Phone : (+971) 4 2 66 11 44 l Fax : (+971) 4 2 66 Group  Our offices : UAE (Corp. Office), India, Oman , 
11 55 Kuwait, USA
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