Hematopoietic Stem Cells (HSCs) Hematopoietic Stem Cells (HSCs) are multipotent stem cells found primarily in bone marrow. They are responsible for the continuous production of all blood cell types, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. HSCs maintain blood and immune system homeostasis through self-renewal and differentiation. HSCs are isolated from bone marrow, peripheral blood after mobilization, or umbilical cord blood. Bone marrow extraction involves harvesting cells from the iliac crest using sterile needles under anesthesia. Isolation techniques include density gradient centrifugation followed by immunomagnetic separation by markers like CD34+.