Tenant farming has long played a crucial role in Tamil Nadu’s agrarian economy. Yet, tenant farmers—often known as cultivating tenants—have historically faced insecurity, including arbitrary eviction and lack of bargaining power. The Tamil Nadu Cultivating Tenants (Protection From Eviction) Act, 1983 was enacted to address these concerns. This article delves into the historical background, objectives, legal provisions, practical implications, and advice for both tenants and legal practitioners navigating Tamil Nadu’s land tenancy laws.