Four Stages of Osteoarthritis: Symptoms &Treatments"
                     What are the four 
stages of 
osteoarthritis?
Agenda
A • Introduction• Causes• Target Points• Possible Treatments
• Regenerative Medicines 
help
• Summary
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Introduction
Osteoarthritis is a common condition that affects joints, including the feet, shoulder, hips, knees, and hands.
A robust, smooth, slippery
 coat covers the bone surface called cartilage. This cartilage coating helps your bones to move freely against 
each other.
If a part of the cartilage becomes thin and the bone surface becomes rougher, the bones will not move 
freely. And this is the so-called wear and tear of the joint. The knee, hip and small joints of the hands are 
more prone to develop osteoarthritis because of more frequent weight-bearing and repetitive movement.
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What are the four stages of osteoarthritis?
There are four stages of osteoarthritis, and the symptoms and signs.
• Stage 1: Minor
Little to no pain
Minor wear-and-tear of the joint
• Stage 2: Mild
Stiffness sensation if you remain sedentary for a while
You may require a brace
Noticeable bone spur
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There are four stages of osteoarthritis, and the symptoms and signs.
• Stage 3: Moderate
Joint inflammation and discomfort while doing everyday activities
Cartilage in the affected area starts getting worn
• Stage 4: Sever
Overgrown spur formation in the affected joint
Severe pain and swelling
Joint inflammation followed by the complete worn-out cartilage
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“What happens if the cartilage becomes thin?
”
What happens if the cartilage becomes thin?
• Once the cartilage is damaged, the tissues within the joint work actively to repair the 
damage. This repair process may even change the joint structure. 
• In this process, you may get joint pain, swelling, difficulty in joint movement, and stiffness. 
• Or else, there will be an additional bone development at the edge of your joint called 
osteophytes. 
• These outgrowths will restrict your movement by rubbing against the surrounding tissues.
• Furthermore, the synovium (joint capsule lining) may also thicken and secrete more fluid. 
This secretion will swell up the joint region.
• Since joint regions cannot move freely, they may develop cracking or grating sounds. The 
joint structure will become less stable, followed by the weakening of the muscles.
• Usually, most of us develop osteoarthritis as we grow older, even if we are unaware of it. 
The degree of joint damage can determine the severity of pain and mobility issues.
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What exactly causes osteoarthritis?
• One of the most common causes of osteoarthritis is ‘wear and tear’. However, the risk of developing osteoarthritis depends on the following 
factors:
•
Gender: Osteoarthritis is more severe and frequent in females compared to males.
• Age: Osteoarthritis more commonly develops in the late 40s. The body changes include weak muscles, reduced ability to heal itself, and weight 
gain are the primary reasons as we age.
• Obesity: Obesity is a major risk factor, especially when it comes to weight-bearing joints like the hip and knee.
• Joint Injury and Abnormalities: Repetitive activities can increase the risk of joint injuries that may lead to osteoarthritis. Other joint abnormalities 
such as gout and rheumatoid arthritis can cause osteoarthritis.
• Heredity: Mutation of genes that affect a collagen protein may cause osteoarthritis at an earlier age.
• Weather Condition: The changes in weather conditions, especially the fall in atmospheric pressure, can worsen osteoarthritis’s pain and other 
symptoms. However, weather changes are not the cause of arthritis symptoms, but the cold weather can undoubtedly worsen the symptoms.
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Is it possible to diagnose osteoarthritis?
• Yes. It is obligatory to diagnose accurately before proceeding with osteoarthritis treatment.
• Symptoms – the starting point and the severity level of these symptoms
• Physical examination
• Restricted movement
• Joint tenderness
• Swelling of bones
• Weakness of muscles surrounding the affected joint
• Joint instability
• Grating or creaking sensation of the joint region called crepitus
• X-ray examination to determine if there is any calcium deposit in the joint region
• MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) examination can determine the possible bone or joint problems that may 
trigger the above-listed symptoms
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What are the target points affected by 
osteoarthritis?
• All joints may develop osteoarthritis. However, osteoarthritis mainly affects the knee, shoulder, elbow, hip, spine, wrist, thumb, foot, ankle, neck, 
back, jaw (temporomandibular joint), and big toes.
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Is it possible to treat osteoarthritis?
• Yes. It is obligatory to diagnose accurately before proceeding with osteoarthritis 
treatment.
• The diagnosis of this condition is based on the following:
• Symptoms – the starting point and the severity level of these symptoms
• Physical examination
• Restricted movement
• Joint tenderness
• Swelling of bones
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Is it possible to treat osteoarthritis?
• Weakness of muscles surrounding the affected joint
• Joint instability
• Grating or creaking sensation of the joint region called crepitus
• X-ray examination to determine if there is any calcium deposit in the joint region
• MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) examination can determine the possible bone or 
joint problems that may trigger the above-listed symptoms
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Is it possible to treat osteoarthritis?
• Yes. The list of treatment methods that can manage your osteoarthritis 
symptoms includes the following:
• Initial home treatment – RICE formula: RICE represents Rest, Ice application, Compression, and 
Elevation. Take enough rest. Apply ice cubes to the affected region by wrapping them in a cloth. 
Wear compression bands to restrict the movement of the affected joint region. While taking a rest, 
keep the affected joint in an elevated position above your chest.
• Activity modification: Try to modify the routine activities until you find relief from arthritis 
symptoms. For instance, if you are a runner, stop running till your pain subsides. However, keep 
walking instead of running to maintain an active life.
• Physical therapy: Physical therapeutic exercises, including strengthening exercises, range of 
movement exercises, hydrotherapy, and aerobic exercises, can relieve osteoarthritis symptoms. 
Even cycling, walking, and swimming can help people get relief from pain.
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Is it possible to treat osteoarthritis?
• NSAIDs: Administration of NSAIDs (Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) 
can reduce pain, swelling, and inflammation. However, physicians do not 
recommend them for long due to their significant side effects.
• Corticosteroid injections: Physicians recommend corticosteroid injections in 
case medications don’t work. However, repeated steroids can weaken the 
tendon around the affected joint region, making it more painful.
• Regenerative treatment: A natural and minimally invasive non-surgical 
orthobiologic treatment that kick starts the healing process by treating the 
underlying cause as well as symptoms of osteoarthritis.
• Surgery: Physicians recommend surgery as the last option to treat osteoarthritis. The varied 
surgical options include:
• Joint replacement surgery
• Arthroscopic keyhole surgery to wash out loose bone fragments from the affected joint region
• Joint fusion – The joints are fixed together to prevent further movement.
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How can Regenerative Medicine help in 
osteoarthritis treatment?
• Regenerative medicine includes natural cellular treatments like PRP Therapy, 
Stem Cell Treatment, regenerative therapy, Goldic Treatment and others.
• Unlike the conventional treatment methods, regenerative medicine treats the 
underlying cause of the symptoms. And by healing, the underlying cause can treat 
your symptoms as well.
• It is a revolutionary method where physicians use patients’ body cells for treatment. 
Hence, you do not undergo any significant side effects like allergy or rejection 
problems. Unlike other conventional treatment methods, this long-lasting, minimally 
invasive, a
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Time to take care of yourself
• Living with osteoarthritis can affect a person emotionally and mentally. The continuous pain 
disturbs the sleep routine, and eventually, it will affect the person’s mood. And finally, the 
osteoarthritis pain will get on top of you.
• If you feel low or are currently undergoing any such underlying symptoms or joint pain, 
contact Medica Stem Cells Clinic. Our medical team of orthopaedic surgeons and doctors is 
here to listen to your concerns and offer a suitable solution without any delays.
• Earlier is better! Regenerative treatment intervention is likely to be more effective when it is 
provided in the earlier stages of osteoarthritis rather than later. Don’t wait until the pain 
becomes unbearable. Get it treated as soon as you notice changes or pain in your joint. So, 
reach out to us as soon as possible to enjoy a long-lasting pain-free life.
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