Infertility Types Causes Symptoms Diagnosis and Treatment
                     Infertility: Types, Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & 
Treatment
Infertility  is  a  personal  and  challenging  journey  that  impacts  the  lives  of  millions  of 
couples  and  individuals.  It  is  an  inability  to  conceive  after  a  year  of  regular  and 
unprotected intercourse. This complex and multifaceted issue can be caused by various 
factors   such   as   ovulatory   disorders,   endometriosis,   low   sperm   count,   or   low 
testosterone.
Miracles  Fertility &  IVF  Clinic  is  the  infertility  treatment  hospital  in  Gurgaon,  
renowned for  its  expertise  in  infertility  treatment.  We  offer  a  compassionate  and  
comprehensive approach  for  couples  striving  to  build  a  family.  With  a  dedicated  
team  of  fertility specialist   doctors   and   state-of-the-art   facilities,   we   provide   
personalized   solutions tailored  to  individual  needs.  From  advanced  diagnostic  
techniques  to  cutting-edge fertility  treatments,  we  are  committed  to  guiding  couples  
through  their  fertility  journey with the utmost care and expertise
In this blog post, we will discuss the various facets of infertility, including its symptoms, 
causes,   available   treatments,   and   the   emotional   toll   it   can   take   on   
individuals experiencing it.
What is infertility?
Infertility  is  a  medical  condition  marked  by  the  inability  to  conceive  and  achieve  a
successful  pregnancy  after  a  period  of  regular  and  unprotected  sexual  intercourse.  
It can affect both males and females and has several causes.
Key points about infertility include:
•If  your  age  is  less  than  35  years  and  you  are  not  able  to  conceive  after  12 
months of regular trying to conceive.
•If  your  age  is  35  years  or  more  and  you  are  unable  to  get  pregnant  after  6 
months of regular unprotected sex.
The process of getting pregnant involves various steps, and if any step doesn't happen, 
you may not achieve a successful pregnancy.
Some important steps for getting pregnant:
●Reproductive hormones help control the functioning of the ovary. If your brain is not 
producing these hormones properly, it may become tough to conceive.
●An egg must mature in the ovary.
●Your ovary must ovulate, meaning it must release an egg.
●Your fallopian tube must be open to pick up the egg.
●Sperm  must  be  released  and  travel  up  the  vagina  and  through  the  uterus  to 
reach the fallopian tube.
●The sperm fertilizes the egg and creates an embryo.
●Then, the embryo travels via the fallopian tube to the uterus, where it implants.
What are the types of infertility?
Infertility  can  be  classified  into  various  types  depending  on  different  factors.  Here  
are three common types of infertility:
•Primary Infertility:  Refers  to  a  condition  where  a  couple  is  unable  to  conceive 
instead  of  having  regular  and  unprotected  intercourse  for  at  least  one  year.  It 
indicates a difficulty in achieving the first successful pregnancy.
•Secondary Infertility: Occurs when a couple experiences difficulty in conceiving again, 
 even  though  they  have  had  one  or  more  successful  pregnancies  in  the past.
3.   Unexplained  Infertility:  In  this  condition,  standard  fertility  evaluations  for  
both partners do not show a clear cause for their inability to conceive.
How common is infertility?
According  to  the World  Health  Organization  (WHO),  infertility  affects  about  10-
15%  of couples worldwide.
Infertility Symptoms and Causes
Fertility challenges can be observed in several ways, but it's important to remember 
that having one or more of these symptoms doesn't necessarily mean you are 
infertile. If you are  consistently  facing  infertility  symptoms,  it's  a  good  idea  to  
consult  with  a  fertility
doctor for a thorough evaluation.
Common symptoms of infertility may include:
• Irregular Menstrual Cycles:  Irregular periods may indicate ovulatory disorders, 
affecting a woman's ability to conceive.
• Painful  Periods:  Conditions  like  endometriosis  can  cause  pelvic  pain  during 
menstruation, potentially impacting fertility.
• Abnormal  Bleeding:  Unusual  or  heavy  menstrual  bleeding  may  result  from 
hormonal imbalances or structural issues.
• Painful   Intercourse:   Discomfort   during   sexual   intercourse   may   be   due   
to conditions such as endometriosis or infections, affecting fertility.
• Hormonal  Issues:  Symptoms  like  low  libido,  unusual  hair  growth  patterns,  
or skin conditions may indicate hormonal imbalances affecting fertility.
• Changes   in   Male   Sexual   Function:   Erectile   dysfunction   or   other   
issues
associated with male sexual function can impact fertility.
• Testicular  Pain  or  Swelling:  Discomfort,  pain,  or  swelling  in  the  testicles  
may indicate underlying issues affecting sperm production.
• Age  and  Timing:  Fertility  decreases  with  age.  If  a  couple  has  been  
actively
trying to conceive without success for a year (or six months for females over 35), it 
may be a sign to consult a fertility specialist.
• Previous Pregnancy Complications: Previous
difficulties in carrying a pregnancy to term may indicate 
underlying fertility issues.
• Family or Personal History: A family history of reproductive issues or personal 
medical history can provide an understanding of potential fertility challenges.
It is also important to note that individuals or couples may experience infertility 
without showing any clear signs. If  you or your loved ones are experiencing 
fertility issues but
without any clear signs, then consult with a fertility specialist near you for regular check- 
ups to address potential causes and appropriate treatment options.
What causes infertility?
Infertility    can    result    from    several    factors    affecting    both    males    and    
females. Understanding  the  potential  causes  is  important  for  diagnosis  and  the  
development  of appropriate treatment plans.
●Age-Related  Factors:   Fertility  starts  declining  with  age  in  both  males  and 
females.  In  women,  the  number  and  quality  of  eggs  begin  to  decrease  in  their late 
30s or 40s, while for men, age can start affecting fertility around 50 years.
●Lifestyle    Factors:    Unhealthy   lifestyle    choices,    including   obesity,    stress,
excessive  alcohol  consumption,  smoking,  and  drug  use,  can  negatively  impact 
fertility.
●Medical Conditions: Certain medical conditions, such as diabetes, autoimmune 
disorders, and certain cancers, can also affect fertility.
●Hormonal  Imbalances:  Hormonal  issues,  including  thyroid  disorders  or  other 
conditions affecting the pituitary or hypothalamus glands, can disturb the delicate 
balance required for reproductive processes.
●Treatments: Certain treatments like radiation therapy or chemotherapy can also have 
a negative impact on fertility.
●Environmental Factors:  Exposure to  environmental toxins, such as pesticides,
chemicals, and lead, can also affect fertility.
Causes of Infertility in women
Infertility in  women  can  result from  various factors  that affect  the  reproductive  
system. Here are some common causes:
•Ovulatory Disorders:   Female reproductive health conditions such as polycystic ovary 
syndrome (PCOS) can lead to irregular ovulation, impacting the release of eggs required 
for conception.
•Age-Related Factors: Fertility starts declining with age, and women experience a  
decrease  in  both  the  quality  and  quantity  of  eggs  as  they  approach  their  late
30s or 40s.
•Endometriosis: In this condition, a tissue similar to the lining of the uterus grows 
outside the uterus. This can start to interfere with fertility.
•Uterine  or  Tubal  Issues:  Structural  abnormalities  in  the  uterus  or  fallopian
tubes,  such  as  uterine  polyps  or  tubal  blockages  can  restrict  the  fertilization 
process.
•Pelvic   Inflammatory   Disease   (PID):   Infections   affecting   the   reproductive 
organs, such as PID, can cause damage to the fallopian tubes, affecting fertility.
6. Hormonal  Imbalances:  Conditions  like  thyroid  disorders  or  disorders  
affecting the  pituitary  or  hypothalamus  glands  can  disrupt  hormonal  balance,  
affecting reproductive processes.
7. Cervical  Issues:  Abnormalities  in  the  cervix,  such  as  the  production  of  
thick cervical mucus, can impede the passage of sperm through the cervix.
8. Structural  Abnormalities:  Congenital  defects  or  acquired  disorders  that  
affect the structure of the reproductive organs can impact female fertility.
9. Autoimmune  Disorders:  Conditions  in  which  the  immune  system  mistakenly 
attacks reproductive organs or cells may hinder conception.
10.Lifestyle   Factors:   Unhealthy   lifestyle   choices,   including   excessive   
alcohol consumption, smoking, drug use, and obesity, can negatively impact 
fertility.
11.Previous Surgical Procedures: Surgeries, such as the removal of ovarian cysts 
or  fibroids,  can  sometimes  lead  to  scarring  and  affect  functions  of  
reproductive health.
12.Genetic   Factors:   Inherited   genetic   conditions   may   contribute   to   fertility 
challenges in some cases.
Causes of Infertility in Men
Infertility in men can result from various factors that affect the production, maturation, 
or delivery of sperm.  Common causes of male infertility are:
6. Low Sperm Count (Oligospermia): A lower-than-normal concentration of sperm
in the ejaculate can decrease the chances of fertilizing an egg.
6. Poor Sperm Motility (Asthenospermia): Sperm with low motility have difficulty 
swimming to reach the egg, impacting the fertilization process.
7. Abnormal Sperm Morphology (Teratospermia): Irregularly shaped sperm may 
have difficulty penetrating the egg, leading to fertility issues.
8. Erectile   Dysfunction:   Difficulty   achieving   or   maintaining   an   erection   can 
interfere with sexual intercourse and conception.
9. Varicocele: In this condition, the veins in the scrotum become enlarged and can 
increase testicular temperature, negatively affecting sperm production.
10.Obstructive Issues: Blockages or obstructions in the reproductive tract prevent 
the normal flow of sperm during ejaculation.
11.Hormonal    Imbalances:    Disturbances    in    hormonal    levels,    such    as    
low testosterone, can affect sperm production.
12.Genetic Factors: Inherited genetic conditions, such as Klinefelter syndrome, can 
affect the development and function of the testicles.
13.Infections:   Infections   of   the   reproductive   organs,   such   as   epididymitis   
or sexually transmitted infections, can also affect sperm health.
14.Medical    Conditions:    Certain    medical    conditions,    such    as    diabetes    
or autoimmune disorders, can contribute to male infertility.
11.Retrograde  Ejaculation:  In this condition,  semen enters  the  bladder  instead 
of being discharged from the penis during ejaculation.
12.Exposure  to  Environmental  Factors:  Exposure  to  environmental  factors  
like
toxins,   radiation,   or   excessive   heat   for   a   long   duration   can   affect   sperm 
production.
11.Lifestyle  Factors:  Unhealthy  lifestyle  choices,  including  smoking,  excessive 
alcohol consumption, drug use, and obesity, can negatively impact male fertility.
12.Stress:  Chronic  stress  may  also  contribute  to  hormonal  imbalances  that  
affect sperm production.
It's important to note that multiple factors may contribute to infertility. Consulting with 
a fertility doctor can help identify the specific causes and guide the appropriate  
course of
action.
Diagnosis and Tests
How is female infertility diagnosed?
Diagnosing   female   infertility   involves   a   well-organized   approach   that   
includes   a combination   of   medical   history   assessments,   physical   
examinations,   and   various diagnostic tests.
Here is an overview of the steps in diagnosing female infertility:
11.Medical  History:  The  fertility  specialist  will  take  a  thorough  medical  history  
to help identify possible factors contributing to infertility, including menstrual 
history, past pregnancies, and surgeries.
12.Lifestyle Assessment: A fertility doctor will ask about lifestyle habits to evaluate 
lifestyle factors such as diet, exercise, smoking, alcohol consumption, and stress 
to know about their effect on reproductive health.
13.Physical  Examination:  They  will  conduct  a  physical  examination  of  the  
pelvic
area to check for abnormalities or conditions affecting the reproductive organs. It may 
  help   find   out   the   symptoms   of   female   health   conditions   or   structural 
abnormalities.
11.Ovulation   Assessment:   They   will   monitor   and   evaluate   the   regularity   
of
menstrual  cycles  and  hormonal  markers,  such  as  basal  body  temperature,  to 
help determine if ovulation is occurring consistently.
11.Hormonal Tests: They will suggest some blood tests such as thyroid 
function( TSH), ovarian function (FSH, LH), and prolactin levels to assess 
hormone levels.
12.Hysterosalpingography   (HSG):   The   doctor   may   recommend   a   
diagnostic procedure  HSG,  involving  the  injection  of  contrast  dye  into  the  
uterus  and fallopian tubes to detect blockages or abnormalities. This test helps 
examine the structure of the uterus and the patency of the fallopian tubes.
7. Pelvic  Ultrasound:  Pelvic  ultrasound  is  recommended  to  examine  the  
pelvis organs,   including   the   uterus   and   ovaries,   for   structural   
abnormalities   or conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).
8. Laparoscopy:  In  some  cases,  a  minimally  invasive  surgical  procedure  
called laparoscopy   may   be   performed   to   view   and   assess   the   pelvic   
organs   for abnormalities, endometriosis, or scar tissue.
9. Genetic   Testing:   Genetic   testing   may   be   considered,   especially   if   
certain conditions are suspected or there is a family history of genetic disorders.
10.Endometrial Biopsy: A biopsy of the uterine lining may be performed to assess
the   health   of   the   endometrium   and   identify   any   potential   issues   affecting 
implantation.
7. Infectious Disease Testing: Testing for sexually transmitted infections or other 
infections that may affect fertility.
How is male infertility diagnosed?
Diagnosing male infertility involves a thorough evaluation that includes medical 
history, physical  examinations,  and  various  tests  to  identify  potential  issues  
affecting  sperm production or function.
Here are some of the common steps involved in diagnosing male infertility:
7. Detailed Medical History: Fertility specialists will take a detailed medical history 
to know about past medical illnesses, surgeries, medications, lifestyle habits, and 
family history. This may help in knowing the factors that contribute to infertility.
8. Physical  Examination:  They  will  conduct  a  physical  examination,  including  
a genital   examination,   to   help   identify   any   physical   abnormalities,   such   
as
varicocele or testicular atrophy.
7. Urological Consultation: A consultation with a urologist may be recommended 
to  assess  the  overall  health  of  the  male  reproductive  system  and  address  
any anatomical issues.
8. Semen  Analysis:  Semen  analysis  is  performed  to  evaluate  the  quantity  and 
quality of sperm in the ejaculate. It helps assess the factors such as sperm count, 
motility, and morphology.
9. Hormonal  Testing:  Blood  tests  may  be  conducted  to  measure  hormone  
levels
related  to  fertility,  such  as  testosterone,  follicle-stimulating  hormone  (FSH),  and 
luteinizing hormone (LH).
7. Scrotal  Ultrasound:  A  scrotal  ultrasound  can  provide  detailed  images  of  
the testicles, helping identify structural abnormalities, varicocele, or blockages in 
the
reproductive tract.
7. Testicular  Biopsy:  In  certain  cases,  a  testicular  biopsy  may  be  performed  
to obtain a sample of testicular tissue for further evaluation, especially when 
sperm production is severely compromised.
8.   Imaging  Studies:   Additional  imaging  studies,  such  as  magnetic  resonance 
imaging  (MRI),  may  be  conducted  to  evaluate  the  reproductive  organs  and 
identify any structural abnormalities.
Management and Treatment How is infertility treated?
The  treatment  of  infertility  varies  depending  on  its  underlying  causes.  Here  are  
some common approaches to treating infertility:
• Counseling  and  Support:  Emotional  support  and  counseling  can be  
important for individuals and couples experiencing the challenges of infertility.
• Lifestyle  Modifications:  Adopting  healthy  lifestyle  habits,  such  as  eating  a 
balanced   diet,   regular   exercise,   avoiding   smoking   and   excessive   alcohol 
consumption, and managing stress can positively impact fertility.
• Medication:   Fertility   medications   may   be   prescribed   to   manage   
hormonal imbalances,  stimulate  ovulation  in  women,  or  improve  sperm  
production  and quality in men.
• Treatment   of   Underlying   Medical   Conditions:   Addressing   and   
managing
underlying  medical  conditions  such  as  diabetes  or  thyroid  disorders  that  may 
contribute to infertility.
• Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART):  ART procedures include several 
advanced techniques designed to facilitate conception. These may include:
● In vitro Fertilization (IVF): Eggs and sperm are combined outside the body, and 
resulting embryos are transferred to the uterus.
● Intrauterine Insemination (IUI): In this procedure, sperm is directly injected into
the uterus to increase the chances of fertilization.
● Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI): A single sperm is directly injected into 
an egg to assist fertilization.
• Surgery:    Surgical    procedures    may    be    performed    to    correct    
structural
abnormalities   in   the   reproductive   organs,   remove   blockages,   or   address 
conditions like endometriosis.
• Donor Eggs or Sperm:  In cases of severe male or female infertility, the use of 
donor eggs or sperm may be considered.
• Preimplantation  Genetic  Testing  (PGT):  PGT  can  be  used  during  IVF  to 
screen  embryos  for  genetic  abnormalities  before  implantation,  reducing  the  
risk
of certain genetic disorders.
• Sperm   Retrieval   Techniques:   Techniques   like   testicular   sperm   
extraction (TESA)  or  epididymal  sperm  aspiration  (PESA)  may  be  used  to  
retrieve  sperm directly from the testicles or epididymis.
Prevention
How can I prevent infertility?
Here  are  certain  lifestyle  choices  and  practices  that  you  can  follow  to  protect  your 
fertility, especially while trying to conceive:
•Maintain a Healthy Lifestyle
•Manage Stress
•Avoid Smoking and Excessive Alcohol Consumption
•Practice Safe Sex
•Limit environmental exposure
•Undergo Regular Health Check-ups
•Be Aware of Your Menstrual Health
•Know Your Fertile Window
•Consult with Fertility Expert
Conclusion:
Infertility  is  a  complex  and  often  misunderstood  issue  that  affects  individuals  and
couples  from  all  walks  of  life.  To  navigate  this  challenging  journey,  it's  important  
to understand   the   underlying   causes,   seek   appropriate   treatments,   and   address 
  the emotional impact, ultimately aiming to expand your family.
If  you or your loved one is experiencing fertility issues and is eager to start or expand 
your family, we recommend consulting with the best fertility doctor near you.
Miracles   Healthcare   proudly   stands   as   a   leading   fertility   hospital,   committed   
to comprehending  each  individual's   unique  situation   and  providing  personalized   
care tailored  to  the  specific  needs  of  every  patient.  Our  team  of  highly  skilled   
fertility specialist  doctors  in  Gurgaon  excels  in  diagnosing  and  treating  a  wide  
range  of  male and  female  infertility  issues,  employing  state-of-the-art  techniques  
and  treatments  to optimize   the   chances   of   success.   The   hospital   offers   
comprehensive   healthcare services    through    multiple    facilities:    Miracles    Apollo   
 Cradle,    Miracles    Apollo Cradle/Spectra,  Miracles  Fertility  &  IVF  Clinic,  and  
Miracles  Mediclinic.  Conveniently located in Sec 14, Sec 56, and Sec 82, our facilities 
cater to the healthcare needs of the Gurgaon community daily.
To  embark  on  your  fertility  journey  with  confidence  and  compassionate  care,  
Contact Miracles Healthcare.
Infertility  is  a  personal  and  challenging  journey  that  impacts  the  lives  of  millions  of 
couples  and  individuals.  It  is  an  inability  to  conceive  after  a  year  of  regular  and 
unprotected intercourse. This complex and multifaceted issue can be caused by various 
factors   such   as   ovulatory   disorders,   endometriosis,   low   sperm   count,   or   low 
testosterone.
Miracles  Fertility  &  IVF  Clinic  is  the  infertility  treatment  hospital  in  Gurgaon, 
renowned   for   its   expertise   in   infertility  treatment.  We  offer   a   compassionate   
and comprehensive approach for couples striving to build a family. With a dedicated 
team of fertility   specialist   doctors   and   state-of-the-art   facilities,   we   provide   
personalized solutions tailored to individual needs. From advanced diagnostic 
techniques to cutting- edge  fertility  treatments,  we  are  committed  to  guiding  couples  
through  their  fertility journey with the utmost care and expertise
In this blog post, we will discuss the various facets of infertility, including its symptoms, 
causes,   available   treatments,   and   the   emotional   toll   it   can   take   on   
individuals experiencing it.
What is infertility?
Infertility  is  a  medical  condition  marked  by  the  inability  to  conceive  and  achieve  a 
successful  pregnancy  after  a  period  of  regular  and  unprotected  sexual  intercourse.  
It can affect both males and females and has several causes.
Key points about infertility include:
•If your age is less than 35 years and you are not able to conceive after 12 months of 
regular trying to conceive.
•If your age is 35 years or more and you are unable to get pregnant after 6 months of 
regular unprotected sex.
The process of getting pregnant involves various steps, and if any step doesn't happen, 
you may not achieve a successful pregnancy.
Some important steps for getting pregnant:
●Reproductive hormones help control the functioning of the ovary. If your brain is not 
producing these hormones properly, it may become tough to conceive.
●An egg must mature in the ovary.
●Your ovary must ovulate, meaning it must release an egg.
●Your fallopian tube must be open to pick up the egg.
● Sperm must be released and travel up the vagina and through the uterus to reach 
the fallopian tube.
● The sperm fertilizes the egg and creates an embryo.
● Then, the embryo travels via the fallopian tube to the uterus, where it implants.
What are the types of infertility?
Infertility  can  be  classified  into  various  types  depending  on  different  factors.  
Here  are three common types of infertility:
• Primary Infertility: Refers to a condition where a couple is unable to conceive 
instead of having regular and unprotected intercourse for at least one year. It 
indicates a difficulty in achieving the first successful pregnancy.
• Secondary Infertility: Occurs when a couple experiences difficulty in conceiving
again, even though they have had one or more successful pregnancies in the past.
• Unexplained Infertility: In this condition, standard fertility evaluations for both 
partners do not show a clear cause for their inability to conceive.
How common is infertility?
According  to  the World  Health  Organization  (WHO),  infertility  affects  about  10-
15%  of couples worldwide.
Infertility Symptoms and Causes
Fertility challenges can be observed in several ways, but it's important to remember 
that having one or more of these symptoms doesn't necessarily mean you are 
infertile. If you are  consistently  facing  infertility  symptoms,  it's  a  good  idea  to  
consult  with  a  fertility doctor for a thorough evaluation.
Common symptoms of infertility may include:
• Irregular Menstrual Cycles: Irregular periods may indicate ovulatory disorders, 
affecting a woman's ability to conceive.
• Painful Periods: Conditions like endometriosis can cause pelvic pain during 
menstruation, potentially impacting fertility.
• Abnormal Bleeding: Unusual or heavy menstrual bleeding may result from 
hormonal imbalances or structural issues.
• Painful Intercourse: Discomfort during sexual intercourse may be due to 
conditions such as endometriosis or infections, affecting fertility.
5. Hormonal Issues: Symptoms like low libido, unusual hair growth patterns, or skin 
conditions may indicate hormonal imbalances affecting fertility.
6. Changes in Male Sexual Function: Erectile dysfunction or other issues 
associated with male sexual function can impact fertility.
7. Testicular Pain or Swelling: Discomfort, pain, or swelling in the testicles may
indicate underlying issues affecting sperm production.
5. Age and Timing: Fertility decreases with age. If a couple has been actively
trying to conceive without success for a year (or six months for females over 35), it 
may be a sign to consult a fertility specialist.
5. Previous Pregnancy Complications: Previous difficulties in carrying a 
pregnancy to term may indicate underlying fertility issues.
6. Family or Personal History: A family history of reproductive issues or personal 
medical history can provide an understanding of potential fertility challenges.
It is also important to note that individuals or couples may experience infertility 
without showing any clear signs. If  you or your loved ones are experiencing 
fertility issues but without  any  clear  signs,  then  consult  with  a  fertility  
specialist  near  you  for  regular check-ups to address potential causes and 
appropriate treatment options.
What causes infertility?
Infertility    can    result    from    several    factors    affecting    both    males    and    
females. Understanding  the  potential  causes  is  important  for  diagnosis  and  
the  development  of appropriate treatment plans.
5. Age-Related Factors: Fertility starts declining with age in both males and 
females. In women, the number and quality of eggs begin to decrease in their late 
30s or 40s, while for men, age can start affecting fertility around 50 years.
6. Lifestyle Factors: Unhealthy lifestyle choices, including obesity, stress, 
excessive alcohol consumption, smoking, and drug use, can negatively impact 
fertility.
7. Medical Conditions: Certain medical conditions, such as diabetes, autoimmune 
disorders, and certain cancers, can also affect fertility.
8. Hormonal Imbalances: Hormonal issues, including thyroid disorders or other
conditions affecting the pituitary or hypothalamus glands, can disturb the delicate 
balance required for reproductive processes.
5. Treatments: Certain treatments like radiation therapy or chemotherapy can also 
have a negative impact on fertility.
6. Environmental Factors: Exposure to environmental toxins, such as pesticides, 
chemicals, and lead, can also affect fertility.
Causes of Infertility in women
Infertility in  women  can  result from  various factors  that affect  the  reproductive  
system. Here are some common causes:
•Ovulatory Disorders:  Female reproductive health conditions such as polycystic ovary 
syndrome (PCOS) can lead to irregular ovulation, impacting the release of eggs required 
for conception.
•Age-Related Factors: Fertility starts declining with age, and women experience
a decrease in both the quality and quantity of eggs as they approach their late 30s or 
40s.
•Endometriosis: In this condition, a tissue similar to the lining of the uterus grows 
outside the uterus. This can start to interfere with fertility.
•Uterine or Tubal Issues: Structural abnormalities in the uterus or fallopian tubes, such 
as uterine polyps or tubal blockages can restrict the fertilization process.
•Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID): Infections affecting the reproductive organs, such 
as PID, can cause damage to the fallopian tubes, affecting fertility.
•Hormonal Imbalances: Conditions like thyroid disorders or disorders affecting
the pituitary or hypothalamus glands can disrupt hormonal balance, affecting 
reproductive processes.
•Cervical Issues: Abnormalities in the cervix, such as the production of thick cervical 
mucus, can impede the passage of sperm through the cervix.
•Structural Abnormalities: Congenital defects or acquired disorders that affect the 
structure of the reproductive organs can impact female fertility.
•Autoimmune Disorders: Conditions in which the immune system mistakenly attacks 
reproductive organs or cells may hinder conception.
•Lifestyle Factors: Unhealthy lifestyle choices, including excessive alcohol
consumption, smoking, drug use, and obesity, can negatively impact fertility.
•Previous Surgical Procedures: Surgeries, such as the removal of ovarian cysts
or fibroids, can sometimes lead to scarring and affect functions of reproductive health.
•Genetic Factors: Inherited genetic conditions may contribute to fertility challenges in 
some cases.
Causes of Infertility in Men
Infertility in men can result from various factors that affect the production, maturation, or 
delivery of sperm.  Common causes of male infertility are:
1.   Low Sperm Count (Oligospermia): A lower-than-normal concentration of sperm in 
the ejaculate can decrease the chances of fertilizing an egg.
2. Poor Sperm Motility (Asthenospermia): Sperm with low motility have difficulty 
swimming to reach the egg, impacting the fertilization process.
3. Abnormal Sperm Morphology (Teratospermia): Irregularly shaped sperm may 
have difficulty penetrating the egg, leading to fertility issues.
4. Erectile Dysfunction: Difficulty achieving or maintaining an erection can
interfere with sexual intercourse and conception.
2. Varicocele: In this condition, the veins in the scrotum become enlarged and can 
increase testicular temperature, negatively affecting sperm production.
3. Obstructive Issues: Blockages or obstructions in the reproductive tract prevent
the normal flow of sperm during ejaculation.
2. Hormonal Imbalances: Disturbances in hormonal levels, such as low 
testosterone, can affect sperm production.
3. Genetic Factors: Inherited genetic conditions, such as Klinefelter syndrome, can
affect the development and function of the testicles.
2. Infections: Infections of the reproductive organs, such as epididymitis or sexually 
transmitted infections, can also affect sperm health.
3. Medical Conditions: Certain medical conditions, such as diabetes or
autoimmune disorders, can contribute to male infertility.
2. Retrograde Ejaculation: In this condition, semen enters the bladder instead of 
being discharged from the penis during ejaculation.
3. Exposure to Environmental Factors: Exposure to environmental factors like
toxins, radiation, or excessive heat for a long duration can affect sperm production.
2. Lifestyle Factors: Unhealthy lifestyle choices, including smoking, excessive 
alcohol consumption, drug use, and obesity, can negatively impact male fertility.
3. Stress: Chronic stress may also contribute to hormonal imbalances that affect
sperm production.
It's important to note that multiple factors may contribute to infertility. Consulting with 
a fertility doctor can help identify the specific causes and guide the appropriate 
course of action.
Diagnosis and Tests
How is female infertility diagnosed?
Diagnosing   female   infertility   involves   a   well-organized   approach   that   
includes   a combination   of   medical   history   assessments,   physical   
examinations,   and   various diagnostic tests.
Here is an overview of the steps in diagnosing female infertility:
1. Medical History: The fertility specialist will take a thorough medical history to 
help identify possible factors contributing to infertility, including menstrual history, 
past pregnancies, and surgeries.
2. Lifestyle Assessment: A fertility doctor will ask about lifestyle habits to evaluate 
lifestyle factors such as diet, exercise, smoking, alcohol consumption, and stress 
to know about their effect on reproductive health.
3. Physical Examination: They will conduct a physical examination of the pelvic
area to check for abnormalities or conditions affecting the reproductive organs. It may 
help find out the symptoms of female health conditions or structural abnormalities.
1. Ovulation Assessment: They will monitor and evaluate the regularity of
menstrual cycles and hormonal markers, such as basal body temperature, to help 
determine if ovulation is occurring consistently.
1. Hormonal Tests: They will suggest some blood tests such as thyroid 
function( TSH), ovarian function (FSH, LH), and prolactin levels to assess 
hormone levels.
2. Hysterosalpingography (HSG): The doctor may recommend a diagnostic 
procedure HSG, involving the injection of contrast dye into the uterus and 
fallopian tubes to detect blockages or abnormalities. This test helps examine the 
structure of the uterus and the patency of the fallopian tubes.
3. Pelvic Ultrasound: Pelvic ultrasound is recommended to examine the pelvis 
organs, including the uterus and ovaries, for structural abnormalities or conditions 
like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).
4. Laparoscopy: In some cases, a minimally invasive surgical procedure called 
laparoscopy may be performed to view and assess the pelvic organs for
abnormalities, endometriosis, or scar tissue.
1. Genetic Testing: Genetic testing may be considered, especially if certain 
conditions are suspected or there is a family history of genetic disorders.
2. Endometrial Biopsy: A biopsy of the uterine lining may be performed to assess
the health of the endometrium and identify any potential issues affecting 
implantation.
1. Infectious Disease Testing: Testing for sexually transmitted infections or other 
infections that may affect fertility.
How is male infertility diagnosed?
Diagnosing male infertility involves a thorough evaluation that includes medical 
history, physical  examinations,  and  various  tests  to  identify  potential  issues  
affecting  sperm production or function.
Here are some of the common steps involved in diagnosing male infertility:
1. Detailed Medical History: Fertility specialists will take a detailed medical history 
to know about past medical illnesses, surgeries, medications, lifestyle habits, and 
family history. This may help in knowing the factors that contribute to infertility.
2. Physical Examination: They will conduct a physical examination, including a 
genital examination, to help identify any physical abnormalities, such as 
varicocele or testicular atrophy.
3. Urological Consultation: A consultation with a urologist may be recommended
to assess the overall health of the male reproductive system and address any 
anatomical issues.
1. Semen Analysis: Semen analysis is performed to evaluate the quantity and 
quality of sperm in the ejaculate. It helps assess the factors such as sperm count,
motility, and morphology.
1. Hormonal Testing: Blood tests may be conducted to measure hormone levels 
related to fertility, such as testosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and 
luteinizing hormone (LH).
2. Scrotal Ultrasound: A scrotal ultrasound can provide detailed images of the 
testicles, helping identify structural abnormalities, varicocele, or blockages in the 
reproductive tract.
3. Testicular Biopsy: In certain cases, a testicular biopsy may be performed to
obtain a sample of testicular tissue for further evaluation, especially when sperm 
production is severely compromised.
1. Imaging Studies: Additional imaging studies, such as magnetic resonance 
imaging (MRI), may be conducted to evaluate the reproductive organs and 
identify any structural abnormalities.
Management and Treatment How is infertility treated?
The  treatment  of  infertility  varies  depending  on  its  underlying  causes.  Here  are  
some common approaches to treating infertility:
1. Counseling and Support: Emotional support and counseling can be important 
for individuals and couples experiencing the challenges of infertility.
2. Lifestyle Modifications: Adopting healthy lifestyle habits, such as eating a 
balanced diet, regular exercise, avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol
consumption, and managing stress can positively impact fertility.
1. Medication: Fertility medications may be prescribed to manage hormonal 
imbalances, stimulate ovulation in women, or improve sperm production and 
quality in men.
4. Treatment of Underlying Medical Conditions: Addressing and managing 
underlying medical conditions such as diabetes or thyroid disorders that may 
contribute to infertility.
5. Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART): ART procedures include several 
advanced techniques designed to facilitate conception. These may include:
6. In vitro Fertilization (IVF): Eggs and sperm are combined outside the body, and 
resulting embryos are transferred to the uterus.
7. Intrauterine Insemination (IUI): In this procedure, sperm is directly injected into 
the uterus to increase the chances of fertilization.
8. Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI): A single sperm is directly injected into 
an egg to assist fertilization.
9. Surgery: Surgical procedures may be performed to correct structural 
abnormalities in the reproductive organs, remove blockages, or address 
conditions like endometriosis.
10.Donor Eggs or Sperm: In cases of severe male or female infertility, the use of 
donor eggs or sperm may be considered.
11.Preimplantation Genetic Testing (PGT): PGT can be used during IVF to
screen embryos for genetic abnormalities before implantation, reducing the risk of 
certain genetic disorders.
4. Sperm Retrieval Techniques: Techniques like testicular sperm extraction 
(TESA) or epididymal sperm aspiration (PESA) may be used to retrieve sperm 
directly from the testicles or epididymis.
Prevention
How can I prevent infertility?
Here  are  certain  lifestyle  choices  and  practices  that  you  can  follow  to  protect  
your fertility, especially while trying to conceive:
4. Maintain a Healthy Lifestyle
5. Manage Stress
6. Avoid Smoking and Excessive Alcohol Consumption
7. Practice Safe Sex
8. Limit environmental exposure
9. Undergo Regular Health Check-ups
10.Be Aware of Your Menstrual Health
11.Know Your Fertile Window
12.Consult with Fertility Expert
Conclusion:
Infertility  is  a  complex  and  often  misunderstood  issue  that  affects  individuals  and 
couples  from  all  walks  of  life.  To  navigate  this  challenging  journey,  it's  important  
to understand   the   underlying   causes,   seek   appropriate   treatments,   and   address 
  the emotional impact, ultimately aiming to expand your family.
If  you or your loved one is experiencing fertility issues and is eager to start or expand 
your family, we recommend consulting with the best fertility doctor near you.
Miracles   Healthcare   proudly   stands   as   a   leading   fertility   hospital,   committed   
to comprehending  each  individual's   unique  situation   and   providing  personalized   
care tailored  to  the  specific  needs  of  every  patient.  Our  team  of  highly  skilled  
fertility specialist doctors in Gurgaon excels in diagnosing and treating a wide range 
of male and  female  infertility  issues,  employing  state-of-the-art  techniques  and  
treatments  to optimize   the   chances   of   success.   The   hospital   offers   
comprehensive   healthcare services    through    multiple    facilities:    Miracles    Apollo   
 Cradle,    Miracles    Apollo Cradle/Spectra,  Miracles  Fertility  &  IVF  Clinic,  and  
Miracles  Mediclinic.  Conveniently located in Sec 14, Sec 56, and Sec 82, our facilities 
cater to the healthcare needs of the Gurgaon community daily.
To  embark  on  your  fertility  journey  with  confidence  and  compassionate  care,  
Contact Miracles Healthcare.