Laparoscopic exploration of the common bile duct (CBD) is performed either for the diagnosis or the treatment of CBD stones. CBD stones demonstrated by laparoscopic intraoperative cholangiography (IOC) or laparoscopic ultrasonography (LUS) are extracted either through the cystic duct or through choledochotomy. An alternative for the treatment of CBD stones is to perform an endoscopic sphincterotomy either before, during, or after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.