About Amlodipine
                     Amlodipine
medicaldialogues.in/g
enerics/amlodipine-2721953
October 2, 
2022
Indications, Uses, Dosage, Drugs Interactions, Side effects
Amlodipine  
Medicine Type :
Allopathy
Prescription 
Type:
Prescription 
Required
Approval :
DCGI (Drugs 
Controller 
General of 
India)
Schedule
Schedule H
Pharmacologica
l Class:
Calcium channel blocker
,  Therapy Class:
Antihy
pertensive,  
Innovator name:
Pfizer Medicals
Amlodipine is an antihypertensive agent belonging to the Calcium Channel Blocker class. 
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 Amlodipine is a Calcium Channel Blocker used to treat Hypertension and Angina.
Amlodipine absorbed slowly and almost completely from the gastrointestinal tract. Peak 
 plasma concentrations are achieved 6-12 hours after oral administration. The estimated 
 bioavailability of amlodipine is 64-90%. Steady-state plasma amlodipine levels are  
achieved after 7-8 days of consecutive daily dosing. Absorption is not affected by food.
The plasma protein binding of Amlodipine is approximately 98%. Amlodipine is heavily  
(approximately 90%) converted to inactive metabolites via hepatic breakdown with 10% 
 of the parent compound and 60% of the metabolites found excreted in the urine.
Amlodipine shows common side effects swelling of the hands, feet, ankles, or lower legs, 
 headache, upset stomach, nausea, stomach pain, dizziness or light-headedness,  
drowsiness, excessive tiredness, flushing, etc.
Amlodipine is available in the form of Oral Tablet, Oral Solution and Oral Suspension. 
 Amlodipine is available in India, US, UK, Canada, Russia, China, Japan, Korea,
Singapore, and South Africa.
Amlodipine belonging to the Calcium Channel Blockers acts as an antihypertensive 
agent.
Mechanism of action on Hypertension
Amlodipine is considered a peripheral arterial vasodilator that exerts its action directly on 
 vascular smooth muscle to lead to a reduction in peripheral vascular resistance, causing a 
 decrease in blood pressure. Amlodipine is a dihydropyridine calcium antagonist (calcium  
ion antagonist or slow-channel blocker) that inhibits the influx of calcium ions into both  
vascular smooth muscle and cardiac muscle. Experimental studies imply that amlodipine  
binds to both dihydropyridine and non-dihydropyridine binding sites, located on cell
membranes. The contraction of cardiac muscle and vascular smooth muscle are
dependent on the movement of extracellular calcium ions into these cells by specific ion  
channels. Amlodipine blocks calcium ion influx across cell membranes with selectivity. A 
 stronger effect of amlodipine is exerted on vascular smooth muscle cells than on cardiac  
muscle cells. Direct actions of amlodipine on vascular smooth muscle result in reduced  
blood pressure.
Mechanism of action in angina
The exact mechanism by which amlodipine relieves the symptoms of angina have not 
 been fully elucidated to this date, however, the mechanism of action is likely 
twofold:
Amlodipine has a dilating effect on peripheral arterioles, reducing the total peripheral 
 resistance (afterload) against which the cardiac muscle functions. Since the heart rate
remains stable during amlodipine administration, the reduced work of the heart reduces 
 both myocardial energy use and oxygen requirements.
Dilatation of the main coronary arteries and coronary arterioles, both in healthy and  
ischemic areas, is another possible mechanism of amlodipine reduction of blood pressure. 
 The dilatation causes an increase in myocardial oxygen delivery in patients experiencing
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coronary artery spasm (Prinz metals or variant angina) and reduces coronary 
 vasoconstriction caused by smoking.
The Onset of action of Amlodipine is not clinically established.
The Duration of Action for Amlodipine in the body is approximately 24 
hours.
The Tmax was found within 6-12 hours following the administration of 
Amlodipine.
Amlodipine is available in the form of Oral Tablet, Oral Solution and Oral Suspension. 
 Amlodipine tablet, solution and suspension taken orally. Usually once a day.
Amlodipine is a medicine used for the treatment of high blood pressure. This medicine  
works by relaxing the blood vessels which make the blood flow easily, thus lowering the 
 blood pressure. This will reduce your risk of heart attack or a stroke by making it 
easier  for your heart to pump blood around your body.
Amlodipine is an antihypertensive agent belonging to Calcium Channel Blockers. It  
inhibits calcium ion from entering the “slow channels” or select voltage-sensitive areas of  
vascular smooth muscle and myocardium during depolarization, producing a relaxation of 
 coronary vascular smooth muscle and coronary vasodilation; increases myocardial 
oxygen  delivery in patients with vasospastic angina. Amlodipine directly acts on vascular 
smooth  muscle to produce peripheral arterial vasodilation reducing peripheral vascular 
resistance  and blood pressure.
Amlodipine is approved for use in the following clinical indications
HYPERTENSION
Amlodipine is indicated for the treatment of hypertension, to lower blood pressure.  
Lowering blood pressure reduces the risk of fatal and nonfatal cardiovascular events,
primarily strokes and myocardial infarctions. These benefits have been seen in controlled 
 trials of antihypertensive drugs from a wide variety of pharmacologic classes including
Amlodipine.
CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE (CAD)
Chronic Stable Angina
Amlodipine is indicated for the symptomatic treatment of chronic stable angina. 
 Amlodipine may be used alone or in combination with other antianginal agents.
Vasospastic Angina (Prinz metals Or Variant Angina)
Amlodipine is indicated for the treatment of confirmed or suspected vasospastic angina. 
 Amlodipine may be used as monotherapy or in combination with other antianginal  
agents.
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Angiographically Documented CAD
In patients with recently documented CAD by angiography and without heart failure or an 
 ejection fraction