Exploring Technological Advancements and Regulatory Trends in the Geologic Hydrogen Sector
                     Exploring Technological 
Advancements  and 
Regulatory Trends in the 
Geologic  Hydrogen Sector
Introduction
Geologic hydrogen—also referred to as native, natural, or White hydrogen—is considered a  
significantly low-carbon and economical fuel. Although geologic hydrogen has not been  
commercially developed at scale to date, its potential as a clean and adaptable energy carrier has  
ignited widespread curiosity, and organizations from various industries are eager to explore the  
numerous opportunities it offers. IeB analysts anticipate that white/geologic hydrogen will 
witness  phenomenal growth in the near future. Moreover, industry leaders and governments are 
keen to  explore the potential opportunities around white hydrogen across diversified sectors.
Comparative assessment of diverse energy segments
 Wind farms require up to 360 times as much land area to produce the same amount of  
electricity as a nuclear energy facility, a Nuclear Energy Institute analysis has found. 
Solar  photovoltaic (PV) facilities require up to 75 times the land area.
 A nuclear energy facility has a small area footprint, requiring about 1.3 square miles per 1,000 
 megawatts of installed capacity. This figure is based on the median land area of the 59 
nuclear  plant sites in the United States.
 By contrast, wind farm capacity factors range from 32 to 47 percent, depending on 
differences  in wind resources in a given area and improvements in turbine technology. Solar 
PV capacity  factors also vary based on location and technology, from 17 to 28 percent.
 A solar PV facility must have an installed capacity of 3,300 MW and 5,400 MW to match 
a  1,000-MW nuclear facility’s output, requiring between 45 and 75 square miles.
 No wind or solar facility currently operating in the United States is large enough to match 
the  output of a 1,000-MW nuclear reactor. The country’s largest wind farm, Alta Wind 
Energy  Center in California, has an installed capacity of 1,548 MW. The largest solar PV 
plants are  the 550-MW Topaz Solar Farm and Desert Sunlight Solar Farm, both in 
California. Between  six and 10 of these facilities would be needed to equal the annual output 
of the average  nuclear reactor.
Recent activities and technology advancements in the geologic hydrogen market
 Big energy companies like Shell, BP, and Chevron are joining a consortium formed by the
U.S. Geological Survey and Colorado School of Mines to explore geologic hydrogen, but 
a  few ambitious startups are already on the hunt.
 Gold Hydrogen has partnered with Schlumberger, the Commonwealth Scientific  
Organisation, Total Seismic, and Xcalibur to jointly develop innovative techniques for  
efficient hydrogen extraction, wellbore design, and subsurface data modeling, which are 
 planned for Q4-2023 and 2024.
 Engie (Russia) has deployed a network of small, remotely operated sensors that sniff the gas  
emitted from the ground around favorable geological locations like fault zones to detect 
traces  of seeping hydrogen.
 Engie (Russia) is considering working with Russian partners to produce “white” hydrogen, 
 “turquoise” hydrogen, and “blue” hydrogen.
 Ecopetrol (Columbia) long-term plan entails more than $2.5 billion in projects and $400  
million a year in EBITDA, 60% of which would be evenly distributed between white and 
blue  hydrogen.
 HyTerra (Australia) announced plans to acquire 100% of Neutralysis Industries, giving it  
access to expertise, room to demonstrate, and a wellspring of naturally occurring 
hydrogen.
 Koloma (USA) has raised US$91 million from Bill Gates’s Breakthrough Energy Ventures, 
 Energy Impact Partners, Evōk Innovations, Prelude Ventures, and Piva Capital.
 Natural Hydrogen Energy LLC (USA) has drilled an 11,287-foot test well in Nebraska and is 
 preparing to extract commercial supplies of hydrogen.
 Helios Aragón (Spain) requests environmental permission to open a 3,850-meter-deep  
research well in 2024 and aspires to exploit the large reserves of white hydrogen that 
are  found naturally in the subsoil of Huesca.
 Confluence Resources (USA) has found a site in the Four Corners region that spans the  
junction of Colorado, Utah, New Mexico, and Arizona that might prove commercially 
viable.
 Gold Hydrogen (Australia) holds 100% interest in the Ramsay Project, which is a 
Gold  Hydrogen-owned exploration project in South Australia.
Geographical explorations & regulations across the hydrogen industry 
 Current Challenges:
 Worldwide natural accumulations have already been discovered, and it is possible to dig for 
 and extract hydrogen; but it’s still unclear whether locating and extracting hydrogen from  
such accumulations can be replicated and scaled up and whether this resource is 
sustainable.
 USA’s infrastructure bill allocated $9.5 billion in funding for green hydrogen. At the same 
 time, the 2022 Inflation Reduction Act subsidizes the use of clean hydrogen with a new 
tax  credit as well as increasing the value of an existing tax credit for blue hydrogen. None 
of  those tax credits or funding opportunities would benefit the search for or production of  
underground hydrogen.
Future Opportunities:
 According to a U.S. Geological Survey model given in October 2022 at a meeting of the 
 Geological Society of America, there may be enough natural hydrogen to satisfy the  
expanding world’s need for thousands of years.
 For the global hydrogen industry, the discovery of geologic hydrogen resources with 
the  potential to be produced for $1/kg (or less) today might be game-changing; 
geologic  hydrogen research could advance rather quickly, possibly within this decade.
Conclusion
IeB experts are well-versed in the opportunities and challenges associated with the geologic hydrogen 
 production process. Our knowledge encompasses a broad range of decarbonization techniques,  
renewable energy technology, and innovative solutions that contribute to a greener and more resilient  
future. We are committed to offering meaningful insights and helping enterprises and individuals on  
their journey towards a low-carbon and sustainable society, with a strong emphasis on research,  
analysis, and staying up to current on the newest developments. Whether it’s navigating policy  
changes, implementing clean energy solutions, or adopting carbon reduction measures, we stand 
ready  to be your trusted partner in achieving a successful decarbonization strategy.
Do you want to know how geologic hydrogen could serve as a promising alternative to green  
hydrogen, which is likely to be adopted across various industry segments, and how IeB can help 
you  identify new play areas in this space that may synergize with your existing technological 
know-how,  products, and services, thereby positively impacting your revenue?
Reach out to our industry experts by emailing them at [email protected].
For more information, please visit below page and schedule a call with our experts@  
https://www.iebrain.com/exploring-technological-advancements-and-regulatory-trends-  
in-the-geologic-hydrogen-sector/
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