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                     Emotional Dysregulation: 
Meaning & Treatments
What is Emotional Dysregulation and 
its Symptoms?
Emotional Dysregulation is a condition that alters how people feel and 
regulate their emotions. It is common in children and teens, and it can linger 
into adulthood. When a person becomes emotionally dysregulated, they may 
overreact unnaturally to environmental and interpersonal barriers, such as 
exhibiting bursts of anger, sobbing, accusing, passive-aggressive acts, or 
initiating conflict, and it is quite unusual for them to perform poorly on 
reality testing this is because sensory pathways are shut off during a period 
of high emotional reactivity.
Hence the Common Symptoms of Emotional Dysregulation:-
• Experiencing strong emotional reactions to events that would not 
normally affect other people
• Mood swings
• Feeling overwhelmed by emotions
• Having intense emotions that are difficult to control
• Inability to cope with stress
• Depression (loss of interest, poor concentration, etc.) 
• Anxiety
• Self-harm
• Excessive substance use
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What Causes Emotional 
Dysregulation?
• Early childhood trauma refers to traumatic experiences that occur in a 
person’s early years of life. This is regarded as the most essential stage of 
human development.
• Child neglect is a type of caregiver abuse that results in a deprivation of a 
child’s fundamental requirements, for example, a lack of proper attention, 
health care, clothes, or shelter, as well as other physical, emotional, social, 
educational, and safety needs.
• Traumatic brain injury is a type of brain dysfunction induced by an external 
force, most notably a forceful trauma to the head.
• Chronic invalidation: When a person’s opinions and feelings are rejected, 
ignored, or ridiculed, they feel chronically invalidated.
• Biological aspect: Experts claim that when you have Emotional 
Dysregulation, some neurotransmitters lose their ability to act as 
“emotional brakes,” allowing you to remain in a longer “fight or flight” 
reaction. When this happens, the pre-frontal cortex, the part of the brain 
responsible for emotional regulation, is essentially turned off under 
stressful conditions.
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Disorders Related to Emotional 
Dysregulation
- A borderline Personality Disorder is a mental health problem that impacts 
how you think and feel about yourself and others, making daily functioning 
challenging. It includes self-esteem issues, problems managing emotions 
and behavior, and a history of unstable relationships.
- Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a mental disorder caused by 
witnessing or suffering a potentially fatal traumatic incident. In the 
majority of instances, there is significant emotional instability. Flashbacks, 
nightmares, anxiety, uncontrolled negative thoughts, loneliness, and 
emotional numbness are some of the symptoms.
- Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder (DMDD): Childhood illness 
can cause significant mood swings and violent temper outbursts. It can 
reduce a child’s quality of life and may necessitate therapeutic 
intervention.
- Obsessive-compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a mental ailment defined by 
recurring unwanted thoughts, obsessions, or the need to do something 
again. This disturbance of the prefrontal (thinking) region of the brain 
can result in substantial Emotional Dysregulation.
- In traumatic brain injuries with frontal lobe abnormalities, there is 
emotional disruption as well as attention deficit issues, impulsivity, 
poor insight, a lack of inhibition, impaired judgment, and depressive 
symptoms. A brain injury, battlefield trauma, infection, cancer, stroke, 
past drug or alcohol use.
Treatments for Emotional 
Dysregulation
• Dialectic Behavioral Therapy (DBT) is a popular therapy for BPD that teaches 
people skills that might help them manage their moods or emotions. People 
may also learn to become more conscious of inner feelings and thoughts as 
well as ways to deal with stressful situations. The therapy includes a ‘dialectic’ 
approach, which implies that he or she accepts the person’s feelings as they are 
but recognizes the need for change. DBT’s purpose is to assist people in 
balancing their emotions with reasoning. This can contribute to positive results 
in stressful situations, and a person may be better able to regulate their 
emotions as a result.
• Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) rests on the theory that emotion is 
heavily influenced by our thoughts about our experiences. If you feel 
yourself spiraling into a negative emotion, it can be helpful to pause, take a 
step back, and reflect on how your thoughts about your situation might be 
contributing to your feelings.
• Exercise: Different forms of exercise, such as cycling and running, have 
been shown to help regulate emotion.
• Breathing: When we are anxious, our breathing becomes quicker and 
shallower. Research has shown that deliberately deepening and slowing the 
breath can improve mood
• Yoga combines physical movement with mindful awareness
• Multimodal treatment such as parental interventions and 
pharmacotherapy
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