PSB-HOA Exam Guide: Homeowners Association Management Certification Prep
                     Healthcare
PSB-HOA
ExamName: Aptitude for Health Occupations Nursing Examination (PSB-HOA)
Exam Version: 6.0
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Question 1. (Single Select)
What phase takes up the vast majority of the cell cycle?
A: Prophase.
B: Anaphase.
C: Interphase.
D: Telophase.
Answer: C
Explanation:
The correct answer to the question "What phase takes up the vast majority of the cell cycle?" is Interphase.
To understand why, it's important to explore the structure of the cell cycle, which is divided into two major
parts: the mitotic (M) phase and interphase.
The mitotic phase includes several subphases: prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and
telophase. These stages are collectively involved in the process of cell division, where the cell's nucleus
divides and chromosomes are separated into two new nuclei. This phase is critical for ensuring that each
new cell inherits a complete set of chromosomes.
Interphase, on the other hand, is the phase during which the cell prepares for division by undergoing
growth, DNA replication, and chromosome duplication. It is subdivided into three phases: G1 (Gap 1), S
(Synthesis), and G2 (Gap 2). During G1, the cell grows and performs its normal functions. The S phase is
where DNA replication occurs, resulting in the duplication of chromosomes. In G2, the cell continues to
grow and prepares all the necessary components for mitosis.
Significantly, interphase occupies about 90% of the duration of the cell cycle. This extended period allows
the cell to properly grow, replicate its DNA, and check for any errors in the chromosomes before
proceeding to mitosis. The lengthy duration of interphase is crucial for cell health and proper function, as it
ensures that cells are fully prepared and equipped for the rigorous process of cell division.
Understanding the dominance of interphase in the cell cycle highlights its importance not just in cell
division, but in the overall lifecycle and functionality of the cell. Cells spend most of their time in this phase,
underscoring its role in maintaining genetic stability and cellular health.
Question 2. (Single Select)
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Which of the following is punctuated correctly?
A: I hate getting up in the morning I’m so tired.
B: Hand me the hammer and the nails I’ll let you know when I’m done with them.
C: I couldn’t believe the number of people at the exhibit; it was mind boggling.
D: Big Bertha is the name I gave to my bull dog, my other dog is named Frank.
Answer: C
Explanation:
The question you provided asks to identify which of the given sentences is punctuated correctly. Let's
analyze each sentence to understand why the correct choice is punctuated correctly, and why the others
are not. 1. "
I hate getting up in the morning I’m so tired." - This sentence is incorrect because it is a run-on sentence. It
combines two separate ideas ("I hate getting up in the morning" and "I’m so tired") without proper
punctuation to separate them. A correct version would require a period or a semicolon between "morning"
and "I’m", such as: "
I hate getting up in the morning. I’m so tired." 2. "Hand me the hammer and the nails I’ll let you know when
I’m done with them." - This sentence is also a run-on. It joins two independent clauses ("Hand me the
hammer and the nails" and "I’ll let you know when I’m done with them") without appropriate punctuation. A
corrected version could use a comma and coordinating conjunction or a semicolon: "Hand me the hammer
and the nails, and I’ll let you know when I’m done with them." 3. "Big Bertha is the name I gave to my bull
dog, my other dog is named Frank." - This sentence improperly uses a comma to connect two independent
clauses, which creates a comma splice. The correct punctuation would involve using a semicolon or
dividing it into two sentences: "Big Bertha is the name I gave to my bull dog; my other dog is named Frank."
4. "I couldn’t believe the number of people at the exhibit; it was mind boggling." - This sentence is correctly
punctuated. It uses a semicolon to correctly join two closely related independent clauses. The semicolon is
appropriate here because both clauses are thematically linked (the speaker's disbelief and the reason for it)
and the semicolon emphasizes the connection between them without the need for a conjunction. In
summary, the correctly punctuated sentence among the options is: "I couldn’t believe the number of people
at the exhibit; it was mind boggling." This sentence correctly uses a semicolon to link two independent but
closely related clauses, providing clarity and flow to the sentence.
Question 3. (Single Select)
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Passage
(1) Laminated car glass is the norm in auto glass installation today. (2) It makes windshield repair possible,
saving on the cost of expensive total windshield replacement for minor chips or cracks. (3) It also ensures
the safety of people in vehicles, making it the choice when windshield replacement becomes inevitable. (4)
Even mobile windshield replacement is possible with laminated car glass. (5) Of course, the most
respected brands like Pilkington are made of laminated safety car glass. (6)
Laminated safety car glass was developed by a French scientist, Edouard Benedictus, in 1903. According
to reports, he actually discovered it because of a clumsy accident in his laboratory. (7) The scientist was
supposed to be on a ladder, reaching for materials from a high shelf, when he knocked off a glass flask. (8)
It fell to the floor and broke. (9) Benedictus was surprised to see, however, that despite being broken, the
glass pieces did not scatter. (10) They remained attached to each other, still forming the contour of the
flask. (11) Upon questioning his assistant, Benedictus learned that the flask had contained a cellulose
nitrate solution which had already evaporated. (12) Cellulose nitrate is a liquid plastic and it left a thin
plastic coating inside the flask, to which the glass had adhered. (13)
From the following, choose a word that could replace the word "norm" from the first sentence and retain its
meaning.
Rage
A: Cheap way to go
B: Standard
C: Alternative
D: Rarest
Answer: C
Explanation:
A, B, D and E do not maintain the meaning of the word 'norm' in the sentence and are not the correct
choices. C is the correct choice because norm is a shortened, idiomatic version of the word 'normal.' which
also means standard.
Question 4. (Single Select)
The temperature increase that is accompanying the CO2 increase in the Earth’s atmosphere is known as
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which of the following?
A: Carbon cycle.
B: Oxygen cycle.
C: Greenhouse Effect.
D: Deforestation.
Answer: C
Explanation:
The correct answer to the question about the temperature increase accompanying the CO2 increase in
Earth's atmosphere is known as the "Greenhouse Effect."
The Greenhouse Effect is a natural process that warms the Earth's surface. It occurs when certain gases in
Earth's atmosphere trap heat. These gases let in light but keep heat from escaping, much like the glass
walls of a greenhouse, hence the name.
When sunlight reaches Earth, it is converted into heat energy at the surface. Normally, this heat would
escape into space—but greenhouse gases, which include carbon dioxide (CO2) and water vapor among
others, trap the heat in the atmosphere, which makes the Earth warmer than it would otherwise be.
This phenomenon is particularly concerning in the context of increased CO2 levels due to human activities
such as burning fossil fuels and deforestation. As we emit more CO2, the concentration of these gases in
the atmosphere increases, enhancing the natural greenhouse effect, which in turn leads to warming of the
Earth's surface and the lower atmosphere.
If not for the greenhouse gases, Earth's average surface temperature would be about -18°C (0°F), rather
than the current average of approximately 14°C (57°F). This natural insulating effect makes Earth
habitable. However, the enhancement of this effect due to human activity is leading to global warming,
which poses significant challenges worldwide including extreme weather events, rising sea levels, and
changes in wildlife habitats.
Question 5. (Single Select)
Select the answer choice that corrects an error in the underlined portion. If there is no error, choose D
indicating that no change is necessary.
(A) Your father told me that you (B) horde pencils in your bedroom and that he can never find one when he
needs to (C) write something down.
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A: You’re
B: hoard
C: right
D: No change is necessary.
Answer: B
Explanation:
To address the error in the underlined portion of the given sentence, let's analyze each part: The sentence
provided is: "Your father told me that you **horde** pencils in your bedroom and that he can never find one
when he needs to **write** something down." Let's break down the options provided for correction: (A)
"Your" - This part is correct as it is possessive, indicating something that belongs to 'you'. It does not
require any change. (B) "horde" - This is the problematic part of the sentence. The word "horde" is indeed a
noun that means a large group or crowd, often used to describe a group of people or animals. This word
does not accurately convey the intended meaning in the sentence. The correct form should be "hoard,"
which is a verb meaning to accumulate or store away a collection of items, often secretly or obsessively.
This matches the context where someone is gathering many pencils. (C) "write" - This word is correctly
used here as the verb form necessary to express the action of writing something down. The correct answer
is therefore: hoard - As explained, this verb correctly describes the action of accumulating items, which is
the intended meaning in the sentence. Additional clarification on the incorrect words from the other choices:
- "You’re" from choice
is the contraction for "you are," which is grammatically incorrect in this context. - "right" is not presented as
an option here, but it’s worth mentioning that "right" is an adjective or adverb indicating correctness or
direction, and would not be appropriate for describing the action of writing. In conclusion, the error in the
sentence lies in the use of "horde" instead of "hoard." The corrected sentence should read: "Your father told
me that you **hoard** pencils in your bedroom and that he can never find one when he needs to write
something down." This correction ensures that the sentence accurately describes the act of storing many
pencils, an action that is typical when one hoards items.
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