PhD Research Topics in Sarcopenia Diabetes - PhD Assistance
                     PhD research 
directions  for 
2022 in Nutritional 
 Aspects of 
SAn Academic presentation byDr. Naancy rAgnces, oHeadp, Techenicanl Opeiraations ,  in 
Phdassistance  Group www.phdassistance.com
EDmail:i [email protected]
TODAY'S DISCUSSION
Outline
Sarcopenia and Diabetes: Basic 
Information  Sarcopenia and Diabetes 
Nutritional  Aspects: Key Ideas
Relationship between Nutrition, 
Sarcopenia  and Diabetes
Nutritional 
aspects  
Conclusion
About 25% of adults over 65 have type 2 diabetes 
(mTe2lDlitMu)s, a significant healthburden for senio
r  populattihoen. With the population's increased
lsihfeoswpna nin recent years, this proportion is anticipated 
to rise  sharply during the following decades.
The purpose of this blog post is to offer an update 
on (1)  the risk of Sarcopenia in people with type 2 
diabetes; and
(2) its correlation with important characteristics
of  patients with type 2 diabetes.
SARCOPENIA AND DIABETES:  
BASIC INFORMATION
After the age of 40, Sarcopenia is characterized as a 
widespread  loss of muscle mass that is progressive and 
occurs at a rate of 8 %  each decade up to the age of 70 
and 15 to 25 % subsequently.
It's important to remember that according to research, the  
prevalence of Sarcopenia varies between 10 and 40 %, 
depending  on the demographic and the criteria employed 
to diagnose it.
In reality, in addition to the previously well-known 
consequences of  T2DM, including micro and macro 
vascular disorders, Sarcopenia  and frailty are generally 
becoming more well recognized.

SARCOPENIA AND DIABETES 
 NUTRITIONAL ASPECTS: 
KEY  IDEAS
With a particular focus on ageing, overweight/obesity, 
sex, the  duration of T2DM, the use of antidiabetic 
medications, the  presence of T2DM complications, and 
nutritional status
The Nutritional Aspects section of this article has 
provided an  overview of the relationship between 
Sarcopenia and several  features of T2DM.
To offer an update on the most PhD research current 
results in  this field and to review the key dietary 
factors that are relevant  in the presence of Sarcopenia 
and T2DM.
According to the review, T2DM participants with and without  
Sarcopenia have no changes in the prevalence of alcohol 
intake.
Regular coffee consumption has been linked to a preventive 
effect  against the onset of Sarcopenia, perhaps as a result of 
the anti-  inflammatory and antioxidant qualities of coffee.
On the other hand, drinking coffee appears to be linked to a 
reduced  incidence of T2DM.
Those who have Sarcopenia may also benefit from drinking 
tea; in  particular, green tea polyphenols and Catechins have 
been proven to  have antioxidant properties.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN 
NUTRITION,  SARCOPENIA AND 
DIInA aBddEitioTn Eto Sthe lifesty le diseases and nutritional state of both 
middle-  aged and older adults with Sarcopenia and T2DM,
The association between malnutrition and Sarcopenia includes 
several  metabolic characteristics (including indices of glucose 
metabolism).
The subjects with probable Sarcopenia were older, had lower 
waist-to-hip  ratios and BMIs, longer diabetes duration, higher 
fasting plasma glucose  levels and glycosylated haemoglobin, 
decreased estimated glomerular  filtration rates, lower bone 
mineral contents, and lower fatless upper arm  circumference, 
appendicular skeletal muscle mass index, and muscle  quality.
NUTRITIONAL ASPECTS
According to suitable research topics in diabetes 
and  nutrition guidance, each participant kept a diet 
journal for  three days straight, recording the weight 
of  each meal  type.
The total daily energy, carbohydrate, protein, and 
fat  consumption and the percentage of calories 
provided by  each of the three macronutrients were 
then calculated,  with appropriate modifications for 
body weight.

SARCOPENIA IN INDIVIDUALS  
WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES  
MELLITUS: ASSOCIATED FACTORS
AGE
According to several reports, Sarcopenia and age have been 
linked in a  major way in T2DM patients. According to most 
research, people with  T2DM with Sarcopenia are typically older 
than those without Sarcopenia:
73.6 years and 67.2 years, respectively.
GENDER
Studies have found different effects of gender on the occurrence 
of  Sarcopenia, and the findings are not conclusive. Several 
research showed  that Sarcopenia was considerably more 
common in males than women.  However, the gender distribution 
of PhD diabetes and T2DM with  Sarcopenia was not different, 
according to other research.
BODY MASS INDEX
According to several studies, the prevalence of Sarcopenia dramatically reduces 
when BMI  rises, and BMI is much lower in T2DM patients with Sarcopenia than in 
those without it.  According to this research, Sarcopenia is related to a low BMI 
and a high body fat  percentage in people with type 2 diabetes.
DIABETES DURATION
The statistics are not conclusive when looking at T2DM duration. According to 
several  research, the prevalence of Sarcopenia increases with the length of 
diabetes. For instance,  when participants were divided into groups based on how 
long they had diabetes sy mptoms,  the majority of Sarcopenia was 27.6%, 21.8%, 
and 52.6%, respectively, in the groups with  diabetes duration of less than 10, 
between 10 and 20, and over 20 years.
NUTRITIONAL STATUS AND LIFESTYLE
In epidemiological research, it has not been discovered that Sarcopenia in 
people with  TD2M is connected with glucose management, which is primarily 
assessed by testing  glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c).
GLUCOSE-LOWERING DRUGS
Except for biguanides, which were used less often in patients with Sarcopenia, 
glucose-  lowering medications did not differ substantially between individuals with 
and without  Sarcopenia overall.
CONCLUSION
The research that is now available is quite consistent in 
demonstrating  that Sarcopenia is more common in T2DM 
patients. Various processes  might explain this connection, 
including decreased insulin sensitivity,  long-term hyperglycemia, 
AGEs, subclinical inflammation, and micro-and  macrovascular 
problems.
However, only older age and a low body mass index are 
significant risk  factors for Sarcopenia in T2DM. However, glucose 
management and  diabetes research duration are not powerful 
influences.
Information on other T2DM traits related to this illness is 
conflicting.  However, adopting changes to one's lifestyle that 
have been proven  successful in the past would be a more 
efficient—though by no means  simple—way to lessen the 
prevalence and severity of Sarcopenia in the  senior population.
ABOUT PHD ASSISTANCE
PhD assistance could be advantageous for you in drafting a 
standards-  compliant PhD research proposal.
A crucial step in the PhD application process is writing a 
research  proposal, which universities use to assess your 
suitability for their  research program.
Several international schools have used the research proposal to 
decide  whether or not to accept admission offers into the 
DBA/Doctoral  program. The study proposal should be written 
to give readers a positive  impression of your research abilities.
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