Stimulus-Organism-Response ( SOR ) Model - Phdassistance
                     Stimulus  
O r ga nism
Response 
A(n AScademOic preRsentation byDr. Nancy Agnes, Head,) Tec hn ical Operations, 
Phdassistance  Groupwww.phdassistance.com
Email: [email protected]
Model
TODAY'S DISCUSSION
Outline
Introduction
Three dimensions of emotional responses  
Conclusion
INTRODUCTION
Woodworth, (1929) proposed stimulus-organism-
 model (S-O-R) as an expansion of Pavlov 
(2010)'s  classic theory of the stimulus–response 
mode.
The stimulus-response model was first procedure  
to understand the buyer behavior of consumers.
The consciousness of the Buyer depends upon  
the marketing and environmental stimuli while  
purchase decisions are succefully done with the  
help of the Buyer's characteristics and decision  
process.
Contd...
THREE DIMENSIONS OF
EMOTIONAL RESPONSES
The three dimensions based on the emotional responses  
to the environment elaborated by Mehrabian and Russel  
(1974):
Measuring pleasure regarding the verbal judgments  
based on the emotions such as happiness, joy, or  
satisfaction level in some scenarios.
Arousal can be measured using verbal judgment,  
such as the person's happiness level or situation-  
based activeness.
Contd...
Dominance can be predicted using the feelings of the  
respondent's indication, which is in the form of willingness to  
be dominant and based on environmental situation  
influence. Based on the three dimensions, assume that every
individual may affect emotional conditions by each
by  environment.
Contd...
In the past decades, stimulus–organism– (SOR)
response  model has become one of the most u 
fc orammmeownolyrks that integrate input, process and outputs in a ssinegdle 
 model.
To a great extent, this model helps in understanding the causes 
 behind individual’s behavior and hence it is applied in  
addressing human behavior-related issues.
Stimulus-organism-response (S-O-R) model is generally  
used to examine the association between stimulus and  
response and to examine how the organisms mediate these  
relationships.
Contd...
This is carried out through different pathways that provoke the  
cognitive and emotional states of an individual, which then  
initiate behavioral responses (Ul Islam & Rahman, 2017).
In this model, stimuli (S) induce two opposing types of  
responses (R) in the user: approach or avoidance.
Thus, internal assessments of individuals (O) of several  
motions in the world produce these behaviors.
The below figure represents the SOR model
Contd...

Also, this model is considered to be best suited for understanding consumer  
decisions whether to admit and adopt or not (response) as it establishes cognitive  
appraisal of individuals (stimuli)(apprehensions & facilitating conditions).
However, other models such as (Technology acceptance model) TAM, unified  
technology acceptance and use theory (UTAUT) etc. are constrained and insufficient  
in elucidating how a stimulus initiates attitude and intention of the consumers  
(Dzandu et al., 2020).
Thus, researchers have adapted the S OR methodology to incorporate complex  
aspects like cognitive and affective components into the process in their own study  
settings, due to its widespread applicability (Kim et al., 2020).
Contd...
CONCLUSION
 Researchers have widely embraced and used the  
stimulus-organism-response model (S-O-R) to  
analyse behaviour in the context of social media  e ng
agement (Ul Islam & Rahman, 2017), mobile  
auctions (Chen & Yao, 2018), healthcare (Suess &  
Mody, 2018), online hotel booking behaviour (Emir et  
al., 2016).
To conclude, the S-O-R model signifies the relation  
among stimuli in the environment, emotional states of 
 people and the behavior of approach or avoidance  
which arises from the collaboration of stimuli and  
emotion.
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