Techno Economic Socio Economic Scope For PhD Students - Phdassistance
                     Techno Economic Socio Economic
Scope for PhD 
sAn tAcuadedmice prnesetntsation by
Dr. Nancy Agnes, Head, Technical Operations, 
Phdassistance  Group www.phdassistance.com
Email: [email protected]
T O D AY ' S  D I S C U S S I O N
O u t l i n e
Introduction  
Revolution of Energy
Supply and demand of Energy in India 
 Role of RES and it’s Significance  
Potential of RES in Emerging Markets 
 Barriers to effective utilisation of RES 
 Conclusion
I N T R O D U C T I O N
Human standards of living has changed over 
 the course of history.
Incessant innovation has long been a  
characteristic of the human species.
One such technological discovery which has  
undoubtedly proved to be a blessing to Mankind 
 is the discovery of Electromagnetic Induction.
The discovery of electromagnetic induction  
revolutionised how we use Energy.
R E V O LU T I O N  O F  E N E R G Y
Energy exists in nature.
Early man made use of the most natural  
available energy such as sun, wood and the 
 wind for his survival.
Modern man however has reinvented this  
energy to suit his complex lifestyle.
Energy is a very natural resource which can be  
turned into wealth if developed and utilised in 
 the right way.
Contd...
Availability of reliable energy invariably  
enables higher standards of living which in 
 turn leads the country towards progress.
Generating electricity by harnessing energy 
 has resulted in inventions that provide luxury 
 and comfort in our day to day life.
Affordable and reliable electricity has become 
 a mandatory element of modern life and one  
cannot think of a world today without it.
Contd...
Electricity has not only established its  
necessity in our day today life in the form of  
lights, fans or any other household appliances 
 but has also revolutionised the modern  
means of transport and communication.
It quietly breeds life into the digital world we  
tap into with our smart phones and computers 
 not leaving alone the field of medicine and  
surgery to save human life.
Techno 
Economic  Socio 
Economic  Scope 
for PhD  
students
Potential of Supply and 
 RES in   demand
Emerging  of Energy 
Markets in
India
Barriers to Role of RES 
 effective   and it’s  
utilisation  Significanc
of RES e
Revolution 
 of Energy
S U P P LY  A N D  D E M A N D
O F  E N E R G Y  IN I N D I A
Energy is intrinsically linked with  
environmental, social and economic  
dimensions of continuous development of 
 any nation.
Energy management is thus one of the  
most critical aspects any government has to 
 deal with.
India has a population of
approximately  1363 Crores.
Contd...
It is the 7th largest country in the world and is graded as second in row amongst the 
 highest populated countries in the world.
The yearly growth rate of India is 1.18% which represents almost 17.74% of
the  worlds population.
The country is expected to have more than 1.383 billion people by the end of 2020 
 respectively.
Given that figure, the rural economy of India constitutes 46% of it’s national income. 
 70% of workforce in India still reside in the rural areas.
Contd...
Any rural vicinity with basic infrastructure such as  
distribution transformers and distribution lines installed, is 
 scrutinised as electrified as per the Rural Electrification  
policy declared by the Government of India.
However, a detailed evaluation at the electrification data  
from the hinterland shows that majority of the  
households in villages across most states are still in the  
dark without access to electricity.
The Indian government has declared that one of their  
core priorities is to provide electricity to every household  
in India.
Contd...
Provision of increasing quanta of energy to enable  
accessibility of cleaner and more reliable electricity is not 
 only essential to raise the standard of living but is also a 
 vital prerequisite for the economic growth of a country.
India has an installed effective capacity of 3,75,323 MW.
The main sources of electricity generation in India is 
 through mineral oil, natural gas, thermal power,  
firewood hydropower and nuclear power.
Contd...
The electricity generation target of conventional sources for the year 2020 to 2021 was 
 fixed at 1330 BU comprising of 1138.533 BU thermal, 140.357 BU hydro, 43.80  
nuclear and 7.230 BU import from Bhutan.
Hence summarizing, that in order to fulfill the economic development plans that are 
 being implemented, India faces an increasing energy demand.
Despite the fact that India has achieved a quick and incredible economic growth, 
 energy is still insufficient for the country .
Contd...
Strong economic growth in India magnifies the demand for energy and hence more  
energy sources are required to satisfy this demand.
Moreover, India is challenged of sustainable development due to the increasing  
population and environmental deterioration, which in turn widens the gap between  
demand and supply of power that is expected to rise subsequently.
World energy council has predicted that global electricity demand will peak in 2030.
R O L E  O F  R E S  A N D  IT ’S
S I G N I F I C A N C E
Sources of energy such as coal, oil and natural  
gas contribute to 1/3 of global greenhouse gas  
emissions, of which India is responsible for nearly  
6.65% of total global carbon emissions ranked 4th  
next to China 26.83% the USA 14.36% and the EU  
9.66%.
Approximately 50 billion tons of greenhouse gases  
is being emitted around the world each year  
thereby causing severe damage to the atmosphere 
 bringing about various climatic changes.
Contd...
Climatic changes in turn affect the ecological balance in the world.
India has made substantial investments in importing expensive fossil fuel and coal.
Consequently, pressing the need to find alternate sources for generating electricity.
Renewable energy technologies is one such alternative for producing electricity which is  
researched to mitigate environmental pollution.
Adopting to this alternative by making a rapid and global transition to renewable energy  
technologies will help India to accomplish continuous growth and avoid catastrophic  
climatic changes.
Contd...
Renewable energy sources predominantly generate 
 clean and reliable energy.
Hence it isbelieved to be able to balance the  
electricity demand and reduce emissions.
Renewable energy sources RES include small  
hydro project, biomass gasifier, biomass power  
urban and industrial waste power solar and wind  
energy.
P O T E N T I A L  O F  R E S  IN 
 E M E RG I N G  M A R K E T S
RES has exhibited an upsurge in 
 global investment in the past 
few  years.
More than half of the speculation has 
 occurred in the developing 
countries.
Contd... Contd...
Amongst the other emerging countries- China, India and Brazil have designed explicit  
investment strategies to support adequate investment in RES while Chile Mexico and  
South Africa appear to be strong players Argentina, Jordan, the Philippines, Turkey and  
Russia are recognised as equally attractive RES investment countries specially in solar.
India aims to achieve 175 GW of renewable energy which would consist of 100 GW from  
solar energy, 10 GW from biopower 60 GW from wind power and 5 GW from small hydro  
power plants by the year 2022.
Contd...
The higher cost of electricity production using renewable technologies is expected to 
 reduce with the increasing experience in the techniques involved.
An energy source is an essential element of socio economic development.
Major economic activity of India comprises of agriculture, Hence the supply of power  
particularly to rural areas is tremendously important to promote other economic activities 
 for growth and development of the country.
The impact of guaranteed supply of power generated using RES, on the economic and  
social life of the people of India is an interesting topic to be researched.
Contd...
Many socio economic advantages derive from renewable power.
The most important one being employment for the citizens of India.
The prospects of employment seems to be higher with increasing investments in the  
renewable energy sector than any other fossil fuel industry.
A lack of consistent data on the possible influence of employment in the renewables  
expansion industry gives a scope to assess the quantity of skilled semi skilled and  
unskilled personal that might be needed.
B A R R I E R S  T O India imports 90% of its solar cell and  module requirements from Malaysia China 
 and Taiwan.
E F F E C T I V E
The country has around 36.9 GW installed 
 solar capacity by end of 2020 and the  
U T I L I SAT I O N government is making sincere efforts to  
encourage domestic market.
O F  R E S Contd...
Policy and regulatory framework initiatives for the development of renewable  
energy sources in terms of tariff determination defining RPO promoting grid  
connectivity and promoting the expansion of the market, projects the need to be 
 researched and assessed.
Financial barriers to investments in RES emerge in terms of lack of technological 
 awareness that lead to unpredictable evaluation of resources.
such uncertainties are perceived as high risk to developers contributing to invest 
 in RES.
C O N C L U S I O N
To conclude, based on the above mentioned facts  
and figures the potential for cost effective  
production and utilisation of solar energy appears 
 to be an interrogative topic for research in terms of  
techno economic and socio economic impact of  
RES in the days to come.
C O N TA C T  U S
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