All you know about Acute  kidney failure (AKF)
                     All you know about Acute  kidney 
failure (AKF)
Who gets acute kidney failure?
Anyone can get AKI. For the most part,  AKI occurs in 
people who are already  sick and in the hospital. Those 
in the  Intensive Care Unit (ICU) have more  AKI than 
those in other units of the  hospital. People who should 
be in the  ICU are already very sick.
Causes of Acute kidney failure (AKF)
• Heart disease
• Antihypertensive drugs, chemotherapy drugs,  
antibiotics, aspirin, ibuprofen, naproxen, dyes used  
for imaging tests, and zoledronic acid (a drug used to  
treat osteoporosis).
• Hypercalcemia (high levels of calcium in the blood)An 
acute form of an allergic reaction (anaphylaxis)  For 
liver failure
• Severe burns and blood loss.
Risk factors
• Being hospitalized, particularly for a serious situation 
that  requires intensive care
• Advanced age
• Blockages in the blood vessels in your arms or legs  
Diabetes
• High blood pressure  Heart failure
• Kidney diseases  Liver diseases
• Certain cancers and their treatments
Symptoms of Acute Kidney Failure
• Hemorrhage  
• Fever  
• Weakness  
• Fatigue  
• Rash
• Diarrhea or bloody diarrhea  
• Poor appetite
• Severe vomiting  
• Abdominal pain  
• Back pain  
• Muscle cramps
The following tests can be performed
• Measurement of urination: Your healthcare provider 
will track  the amount of urine you urinate each day 
to help find the cause  of your AKI.
• Urinalysis: Your healthcare provider will look at your 
urine  (urinalysis) for signs of kidney failure.
• Blood tests: In addition to blood tests for protein, 
blood tests  can help detect levels of creatinine, 
urea, nitrogen, phosphorus,  and potassium.
• GFR: Your blood test can help detect your GFR 
(glomerular  filtration rate) to assess decreased 
kidney function.
• Imaging tests: Imaging tests, such as ultrasound, can 
help your  doctor see your kidneys and detect 
anything unusual.
• Kidney biopsy: In some cases, your healthcare 
provider will  perform a procedure in which a small 
part of your kidney is  removed with a special needle 
and viewed under a  microscope.
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