What is Blockchain Technology
                     What is Blockchain Technology? How 
Does Blockchain Work?
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Introduction
Blockchain records information that makes the system impossible or difficult to update, hack, or 
manipulate. A blockchain is a distributed ledger that copies and distributes transactions across the 
network of computers participating in the blockchain. The technology’s unique structure and properties 
make it useful for applications that require trustworthy and tamper-resistant data, such as 
cryptocurrency, supply chain tracking, digital contracts, and secure voting systems. Every transaction in 
this ledger is validated using the owner's digital signature, which authenticates the transaction and 
prevents tampering. As a result, the information in the digital ledger is highly secure.
Why is Blockchain Popular?
Suppose you are sending money to family or friends from your bank account. You would connect 
into online banking and transfer the funds to the other person using their account number. 
When the transaction is completed, your bank will update the transaction records. It seems 
simple enough, doesn't it? There is a possible concern that most of us ignore. 
Blockchain is an emerging technology that has several benefits in an increasingly digital world: 
Decentralized System
Traditionally, transactions require clearance from authorities like as the government or a bank; but, with 
Blockchain, transactions are completed through user consensus, resulting in smoother, safer, and faster 
transactions. 
Automation Capability
It is programmable and may generate automated activities, events, and payments when certain trigger 
conditions are met. 
Types of Blockchain
Public Blockchains: Open to anyone (e.g., Bitcoin, Ethereum).
Public blockchains are permission less, allowing anyone to join them. Everyone on the blockchain has 
equal access to read, edit, and validate the blockchain. 
 
 Private Blockchains: Restricted to specific participants, often used by businesses for internal 
operations. The authority determines who can become a member and what rights they have within the 
network. Ripple, a business-focused digital currency exchange network, is one example of a private 
blockchain. 
 Consortium Blockchains: Controlled by a group of organizations, useful for industry-wide solutions.
 
Key Features of Blockchain Technology
Decentralization: Instead of a central authority controlling the ledger, blockchain distributes the ledger 
across a network of nodes (computers), making it less vulnerable to manipulation.
Immutability: Once data is recorded, it’s nearly impossible to alter, as any modification would require 
changing all previous blocks in the chain, which is highly impractical.
Applications of Blockchain
 
Cryptocurrencies: Blockchain powers digital currencies like Bitcoin, Ethereum, and others by 
creating a secure record of ownership and transactions.
Smart Contracts: These are self-executing contracts with terms encoded directly into the code, 
allowing for agreement automation.
Supply Chain Management: Blockchain provides transparency by tracking products across the 
supply chain.
Healthcare Records: It allows for secure and privacy-preserving sharing of medical data across 
institutions.
Voting Systems: Blockchain can enhance the security and transparency of voting by preventing 
tampering and ensuring accuracy.
How Blockchain Works
Blockchain operates through a combination of cryptography, consensus mechanisms, and data 
structures. Here’s a simplified breakdown:
Transaction Initiation: A transaction is initiated by a participant in the network, such as sending 
cryptocurrency or updating a contract. The details of the transaction are represented as 
data and packaged into a “block.”
Verification and Consensus:
The transaction block is then distributed throughout the network.
Nodes on the network validate the transaction. Different blockchain networks use various consensus 
mechanisms to ensure only valid transactions are recorded. The two most common mechanisms are:
Proof of Work (PoW): Nodes (miners) compete by solving a complex mathematical puzzle that 
validates the block. Solving the riddle first allows the miner to add the block to the chain and receive a 
reward.
 
Proof of Stake (PoS): Validators are chosen to add blocks based on the amount of cryptocurrency they 
own and "stake" as collateral, lowering energy consumption.
Block Creation and Addition:
After validation, the new block is connected to the preceding block using a unique cryptographic 
hash (digital fingerprint). 
The term "blockchain" refers to the unbroken record of past transactions created through a 
chain of blocks.
Updating the Ledger:
o The new block is then added to the existing blockchain, which updates across all nodes 
in the network.
o Each node independently verifies the update, ensuring everyone has the same version of 
the blockchain.
Immutable Record: The block becomes part of a permanent record that is nearly impossible to 
change without redoing all subsequent work on the blockchain.
 
 
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