History of Cricket
Slide 1
History of Cricket
The sport of cricket has a known history start in
the late 16th century. Having originated in
southeast England, it became the country's
national sport in the 18th century and has
developed globally in the 19th and 20th
centuries.
International matches have been played since
1844 and Test cricket began, retrospectively
recognised, in 1877.
The first recorded cricket match took place in Kent in
1646, and by the late 1600s, fines were actually
handed out for those who missed church to play.
Cricket was popular and widely documented in
England during the 1700s. In 1706, William
Goldwyn published the first description of the game.
He wrote that two teams were first seen carrying
their curving bats to the venue, choosing a pitch and
arguing over the rules.
That time they pitched two sets of wickets, each with
a “milkwhite” bail perched on two stumps, they
tossed a coin for first knock, the umpire called
“play,” and the “leathern orb” was bowled. They had
fourball overs, the umpires leaned on their staves
(which the batsmen had to touch to complete a run),
and the scorers sat on a mound making notches.
The first written “laws of cricket” were established in
1744. They stated, “The principals shall choose from
among the gentlemen present two umpires who shall
absolutely decide all disputes. The stumps must be
twentytwo inches high and the bail across them six
inches. The ball must be between five and six
ounces, and the two sets of stumps twentytwo yards
apart.” There were no limits on the shape or size of
the bat.
The weight of the ball was limited to between five
and a half and five and threefourth ounces, and the
width of the bat to four inches. The latter ruling
followed an inning by a batsman called “Shock”
White, who appeared with a bat the width of the
wicket. In 1774, the first leg before law was
published. Also around this time, a third stump
became commonplace.
The nineteenth century saw a series of significant
changes to the game. Wide deliveries were banned in
1811. The circumference of the ball was specified for
the first time in 1838 (its weight had been decided
sixty years earlier). Pads, made of cork, became
available for the first time in1841, and these were
further developed following the invention of
vulcanized rubber, which was also used to introduce
protective gloves in 1848.
At the start of the century, all bowlers were still
bowling the ball underarm. However, so the story
goes, John Willes became the first bowler to use a
“roundarm” technique after practicing with his sister
Christina, who had used the technique, as she was
unable to bowl underarm due to her wide dress
impeding her delivery of the ball.
As you can see, the practitioners of underarm and
roundarm stayed in the game and were by no means
unsuccessful. However, the majority of new players
used overarm, and by the 1880s, it was the most
favored way of delivering the ball. Interestingly,
roundarm disappeared before underarm, which was
still being employed until World War I. Most
famously, SimpsonHayward toured South Africa in
1909–1910, and the “lobster” was England’s most
successful bowler with 23 wickets at 18 apiece.
Thereafter, cricket became recognizably the game
that is played today, despite many changes regarding
leg before dismissals, intimidatory bowling, no balls,
the weight of the bats, covered wickets, and
protective clothing. In the wake of England’s recent
tour of South Africa, the thought of Harrison
strolling up to the wicket and delivering the ball
underarm does have a certain appeal, and it’s
tempting to suggest that he could scarcely have
achieved worse results with the oldfashioned
technique.
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