How Isolation Transformer Works - Shakti Electronics
                     HOW ISOLATION TRANSFORMER WORK
Voltage 220 V is not safe for humans. Accidental contact 
with a live  wire or live instrument case can be fatal if the 
person is standing on  the ground or on a grounded 
surface. Of particular danger are the  mains current in wet 
rooms. An isolation transformer ensures the  safe operation 
of the equipment. It is used to decouple the galvanic  
connection of the power supply with the mains voltage, 
which  reduces the likelihood of electric shock to zero.
What is Isolation Transformer?
In reality, a safety transformer or isolation transformer is 
referred to  very specific transformer with a 1:1 ratio, i.e., 
with the same winding in  both coils (same number of 
turns), so as not to transform the servo  voltage stabilizer 
and thus, the output and input will be equal.
Isolation Transformer: Varieties
In electrical engineering, a step-down transformer offered 
by a step  down transformer manufacturer in jaipur with 
galvanic separation of  the circuits of the primary winding 
and the secondary coil is often  used.
The power transformer family includes a series of single-
phase  transformers with different power ratings. Industrial 
power units are  usually of impressive size and are installed 
permanently in special  boxes.
The use of portable transformers is convenient in cases 
where  electrical equipment cannot be installed 
permanently but is used  periodically. At rated primary 
voltages, these devices work stably.  They are well 
protected from moisture and other environmental  
influences.
In input signal blocks, as well as in other circuits of 
electronic  equipment, small-sized, high-frequency pulse 
booster transformers  are used. According to the design of 
the core, the network  transformer is most often of the 
rod type. There are also toroidal  models.
Isolation Transformer: Construction 
And  Principle Of Action
The main difference between the isolation transformer is 
the  absence of galvanic coupling between the coils, which 
are reliably  separated by galvanic isolation. Usually, the 
winding forming the  primary circuit of the transformer are 
identical in parameters to the  winding in the secondary 
circuits. In this case, the transformation  ratio for this 
isolating transformer is 1. That is, the device is used  
exclusively for galvanic isolation.
A characteristic feature of transformers of this type is 
that the  circuits of the secondary winding in the dividing 
transformation are  not equipped with protective 
grounding. In order to ensure the  reliability of galvanic 
isolation, additional insulation is used between  the coils. In 
some cases, the turns of the primary windings are  
separated by a protective screen from the secondary 
winding, or  they are physically separated into different 
parts of the magnetic  circuit.
Otherwise, the design and principle of operation do not 
differ from  other types of transformers:
Voltage is supplied to the primary winding from the 
network;  The resulting magnetic induction 
propagates throughout the  magnetic circuit.
The induction emf excites an electric current in the 
secondary  coil turns.
There is a relationship between the voltages in the coils 
and the  currents: the magnitudes of the secondary 
voltages are directly  proportional to the primary 
voltages, with a proportionality factor  k=W 2 /W 1, and 
the output current is inversely proportional to the  
current in the primary winding.
Due to the absence of a galvanic connection between the 
coils and  the separation from the ground circuit of the 
primary winding,  accidental contact with any terminal of 
the secondary coil does not  lead to electric shock. It is 
only necessary to beware of touching  different terminals 
of the transformer at the same time.
Thus, in case of electrical contact with the current-carrying 
parts of  equipment powered by an isolation transformer, 
an electrical circuit  with the ground is not formed, which 
eliminates the possibility of  electric shock. Isolating 
transformers also provide protection for  connected 
electrical appliances in case of single-phase faults.
However, for complete protection, connect an RCD to the 
primary  circuit.
Isolation Transformer: Specifications
The isolation transformer manufacturer supplies the market 
with  many models with different characteristics. For 
practical purposes, it  is sufficient to know the basic 
parameters of the transformer.
Usually, these parameters are specified in the device 
passport.  When choosing an isolating transformer, pay 
attention to the  following main characteristics:
Rated power;  
Current 
frequency;  
Primary voltage;
Output 
(secondary) 
voltage;
Symbol of the winding connection 
scheme;  Voltage in short circuit 
mode;
Thermal losses during short 
circuits;  Current in idle mode;
Heat losses during 
idling;  Dimensions.
The rated power must match or slightly exceed the load 
power. The  primary voltage must correspond to the 
parameters of the primary  network, and the secondary 
voltage must correspond to the supply  voltage of the 
connected electrical appliances. When choosing pulse  
tSrOaUnRsCfoEr: mhtet rs, pay attention to the frequency of the current.
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