Pediatric cataracts refer to cataracts that develop in children, typically before the age of 18. Congenital cataracts, on the other hand, are present at birth or develop shortly thereafter. These conditions can be caused by genetic factors, metabolic disorders, infections during pregnancy, or other unknown reasons. Pediatric and congenital cataracts can severely impair a child's visual development, leading to lifelong vision problems if left untreated.